Institution
Medical Research Council
Government•London, United Kingdom•
About: Medical Research Council is a government organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 16430 authors who have published 19150 publications receiving 1475494 citations.
Topics: Population, Malaria, Poison control, Gene, Antigen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A clear definition of the burden concept is offered, an exposition of the criteria for evaluating rating scales to measure the concept, a review of major rating scales of burden, and some suggestions for improvements in methodology which are urgently required are offered.
Abstract: The gradual shift towards non-institutional treatment for severe and chronic psychiatric illnesses has been accompanied by a recognition of potentially harmful effects ('burden') upon the patient's caregivers. This paper aims to provide a framework for the development of further research into the burden of 'community care' by offering a clear definition of the burden concept, an exposition of the criteria for evaluating rating scales to measure the concept, a review of major rating scales of burden, and some suggestions for improvements in methodology which are urgently required.
278 citations
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TL;DR: Compared with conventional sex education this specially designed intervention did not reduce sexual risk taking in adolescents and Lack of behavioural effect could not be linked to differential quality of delivery of intervention.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a theoretically based sex education programme for adolescents (SHARE) delivered by teachers reduced unsafe sexual intercourse compared with current practice. DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial with follow up two years after baseline (six months after intervention). A process evaluation investigated the delivery of sex education and broader features of each school. SETTING: Twenty five secondary schools in east Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: 8430 pupils aged 13-15 years; 7616 completed the baseline questionnaire and 5854 completed the two year follow up questionnaire. INTERVENTION: SHARE programme (intervention group) versus existing sex education (control programme). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported exposure to sexually transmitted disease, use of condoms and contraceptives at first and most recent sexual intercourse, and unwanted pregnancies. RESULTS: When the intervention group was compared with the conventional sex education group in an intention to treat analysis there were no differences in sexual activity or sexual risk taking by the age of 16 years. However, those in the intervention group reported less regret of first sexual intercourse with most recent partner (young men 9.9% difference, 95% confidence interval -18.7 to -1.0; young women 7.7% difference, -16.6 to 1.2). Pupils evaluated the intervention programme more positively, and their knowledge of sexual health improved. Lack of behavioural effect could not be linked to differential quality of delivery of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional sex education this specially designed intervention did not reduce sexual risk taking in adolescents.
278 citations
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TL;DR: Results are consistent with inappropriate overactivity of striatofrontal projections and impaired activity of motor executive areas in idiopathic torsion dystonia and may explain the simultaneous dystonic posturing and bradykinesia evident in these patients.
Abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow was measured using H2(15)O and positron emission tomography in a group of 6 patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia and in a group of 6 control subjects. Subjects were scanned while at rest and when performing paced joystick movements in freely chosen directions with the right hand. Patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia showed significant overactivity in the contralateral lateral premotor cortex, rostral supplementary motor area, Brodmann area 8, anterior cingulate area 32, ipsilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral lentiform nucleus. Significant underactivity was found in the caudal supplementary motor area, bilateral sensorimotor cortex, posterior cingulate, and mesial parietal cortex. These results are consistent with inappropriate overactivity of striatofrontal projections and impaired activity of motor executive areas in idiopathic torsion dystonia and may explain the simultaneous dystonic posturing and bradykinesia evident in these patients.
278 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that two tumor suppressor proteins, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Dlg1-SAP97, are required for the polarization of migrating astrocytes.
Abstract: Cell polarization is essential in a wide range of biological processes such as morphogenesis, asymmetric division, and directed migration. In this study, we show that two tumor suppressor proteins, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Dlg1-SAP97, are required for the polarization of migrating astrocytes. Activation of the Par6–PKCζ complex by Cdc42 at the leading edge of migrating cells promotes both the localized association of APC with microtubule plus ends and the assembly of Dlg-containing puncta in the plasma membrane. Biochemical analysis and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy reveal that the subsequent physical interaction between APC and Dlg1 is required for polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton.
278 citations
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29 Jun 1998TL;DR: In this article, a method for isolating one or more genetic elements encoding a gene product having a desired activity, comprising of the steps of: (a) compartmentalising genetic elements into microcapsules; (b) expressing the genetic elements to produce their respective gene products within the microcapsule; and (c) sorting the genetic element which produce the gene product had the desired activity.
Abstract: The invention describes a method for isolating one or more genetic elements encoding a gene product having a desired activity, comprising of the steps of: (a) compartmentalising genetic elements into microcapsules; (b) expressing the genetic elements to produce their respective gene products within the microcapsules; (c) sorting the genetic elements which produce the gene product having a desired activity. The invention enables the in vitro evolution of nucleic acids by repeated mutagenesis and iterative applications of the method of the invention.
277 citations
Authors
Showing all 16441 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Shizuo Akira | 261 | 1308 | 320561 |
Trevor W. Robbins | 231 | 1137 | 164437 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Frank E. Speizer | 193 | 636 | 135891 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Chris D. Frith | 173 | 524 | 130472 |
Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Avshalom Caspi | 170 | 524 | 113583 |