Medical Research Council

About: Medical Research Council is a government organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 16430 authors who have published 19150 publications receiving 1475494 citations.

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 tat protein binds trans-activation-responsive region (TAR) RNA in vitro

Abstract: tat, the trans-activator protein for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), has been expressed in Escherichia coli from synthetic genes. Purified tat binds specifically to HIV-1 trans-activation-responsive region (TAR) RNA in gel-retardation, filter-binding, and immunoprecipitation assays. tat does not bind detectably to antisense TAR RNA sequences, cellular mRNA sequences, variant TAR RNA sequences with altered stem-loop structures, or TAR DNA.

Affect, Cognition and Change: Re-Modelling Depressive Thought

Abstract: Part 1: The Problem, Some Evidence, Previous Answers. Negative Thinking and Depression. Effects of Depressed Mood on the Accessibility of Autobiographical Memories. Bower's Associative Network Theory of Mood and Memory and its Applications to Depression. Evaluating the Associative Network Model of Mood Memory. Part 2: The Interacting Cognitive Subsystems ICS Approach. The ICS Framework. Two Levels of Meaning and their Interaction. ICS and Emotion. Part 3: ICS and Mood-Congruous Cognition in the Laboratory. ICS, Mood and Memory. ICS and Mood-congruous Memory. Mood Effects on Evaluative Judgement. Part 4: Negative Thinking and the Maintenance of Depression. The ICS Account. Negative Thought Production and the Maintenance of Depression - The Evidence. ICS and Self-regulatory, Motivational Models of Depression. Part 5: ICS, Depression and Psychological Treatment. ICS and Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression. Psychological Treatment for Depression - the ICS Perspective. Part 6: Afterword. Applicable Theory - A Puzzle in Three Dimensions.

Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Objectives To determine whether BCG vaccination protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as assessed by interferon γ release assays (IGRA) in children. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of electronic databases 1950 to November 2013, checking of reference lists, hand searching of journals, and contact with experts. Setting Community congregate settings and households. Inclusion criteria Vaccinated and unvaccinated children aged under 16 with known recent exposure to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Children were screened for infection with M tuberculosis with interferon γ release assays. Data extraction Study results relating to diagnostic accuracy were extracted and risk estimates were combined with random effects meta-analysis. Results The primary analysis included 14 studies and 3855 participants. The estimated overall risk ratio was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.92), indicating a protective efficacy of 19% against infection among vaccinated children after exposure compared with unvaccinated children. The observed protection was similar when estimated with the two types of interferon γ release assays (ELISpot or QuantiFERON). Restriction of the analysis to the six studies (n=1745) with information on progression to active tuberculosis at the time of screening showed protection against infection of 27% (risk ratio 0.73, 0.61 to 0.87) compared with 71% (0.29, 0.15 to 0.58) against active tuberculosis. Among those infected, protection against progression to disease was 58% (0.42, 0.23 to 0.77). Conclusions BCG protects against M tuberculosis infection as well as progression from infection to disease. Trial registration PROSPERO registration No CRD42011001698 (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).