Institution
Medical Research Council
Government•London, United Kingdom•
About: Medical Research Council is a government organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 16430 authors who have published 19150 publications receiving 1475494 citations.
Topics: Population, Malaria, Poison control, Gene, Antigen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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01 Sep 1997TL;DR: This book presents a framework for Analysing Comprehension for Modularity and Interaction in Language Development and Disorders and explains how language and context influence meaning in everyday life.
Abstract: Preface to the Classic Edition. Foreword. 1. From Sound to Meaning: A Framework for Analysing Comprehension. 2. Specific Language Impairment. 3. Speech Perception. 4. Understanding Word Meaning. 5. Grammatical Knowledge in Sentence Comprehension. 6. Understanding Sentences in Real Time. 7. Understanding Discourse: Integrating Language and Context. 8. Understanding Intended Meaning: Social Aspects of Comprehension. 9. Modularity and Interaction in Language Development and Disorders.
787 citations
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TL;DR: The relationships were consistent in subgroups stratified by sex, age, body mass index, and social class, and after excluding deaths within 2 y, and the trends were strongest for cardiovascular causes.
Abstract: Background There is overwhelming evidence that behavioural factors influence health, but their combined impact on the general population is less well documented. We aimed to quantify the potential combined impact of four health behaviours on mortality in men and women living in the general community.
782 citations
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TL;DR: Functional MRI evidence from single-subject analyses for broad functional generality of a specific set of brain regions is presented: the same sets of voxels are engaged across tasks ranging from arithmetic to storing information in working memory, to inhibiting irrelevant information.
Abstract: Unlike brain regions that respond selectively to specific kinds of information content, a number of frontal and parietal regions are thought to be domain- and process-general: that is, active during a wide variety of demanding cognitive tasks. However, most previous evidence for this functional generality in humans comes from methods that overestimate activation overlap across tasks. Here we present functional MRI evidence from single-subject analyses for broad functional generality of a specific set of brain regions: the same sets of voxels are engaged across tasks ranging from arithmetic to storing information in working memory, to inhibiting irrelevant information. These regions have a specific topography, often lying directly adjacent to domain-specific regions. Thus, in addition to domain-specific brain regions tailored to solve particular problems of longstanding importance to our species, the human brain also contains a set of functionally general regions that plausibly endow us with the cognitive flexibility necessary to solve novel problems.
782 citations
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Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute1, King's College London2, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics3, University of Geneva4, University of Oxford5, Medical Research Council6, deCODE genetics7, University of Iceland8, University of Cambridge9, European Bioinformatics Institute10, National Institute for Health Research11, Stanford University12, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai13, Churchill Hospital14
TL;DR: It is shown that at least 40% of the total heritable cis effect on expression cannot be accounted for by common cis variants, a finding that reveals the contribution of low-frequency and rare regulatory variants with respect to both transcriptional regulation and complex trait susceptibility.
Abstract: Sequence-based variation in gene expression is a key driver of disease risk. Common variants regulating expression in cis have been mapped in many expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies, typically in single tissues from unrelated individuals. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues conducted in a large set of mono- and dizygotic twins that allows systematic dissection of genetic (cis and trans) and non-genetic effects on gene expression. Using identity-by-descent estimates, we show that at least 40% of the total heritable cis effect on expression cannot be accounted for by common cis variants, a finding that reveals the contribution of low-frequency and rare regulatory variants with respect to both transcriptional regulation and complex trait susceptibility. We show that a substantial proportion of gene expression heritability is trans to the structural gene, and we identify several replicating trans variants that act predominantly in a tissue-restricted manner and may regulate the transcription of many genes.
778 citations
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TL;DR: A systematic review of 21 separate studies with data on the association between rapid infancy weight gain, up to age 2 y, and subsequent obesity risk found that further differences in study design accounted for much of the variation in risk.
Abstract: UNLABELLED In a systematic review, we identified 21 separate studies with data on the association between rapid infancy weight gain, up to age 2 y, and subsequent obesity risk. Uniformly all studies reported significant positive associations. We transformed the reported effect sizes to a standard infancy weight gain exposure, and found that further differences in study design accounted for much of the variation in risk. An accompanying paper by Melinda Yeung reminds us that there are benefits of postnatal catch-up growth in certain populations, and suggests that genetic and nutritional factors could moderate the unhealthy translation of rapid infancy weight gain to visceral fat and insulin resistance. Further evidence is needed, and we will need to rigorously test the benefits and risks of any interventions. However, the concept of "healthy" rapid catch-up infancy growth is an attractive prospect. CONCLUSION Rapid infancy weight gain is consistently associated with increased subsequent obesity risk, but the predictive ability of different weight gain cut-offs needs to be tested.
776 citations
Authors
Showing all 16441 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Shizuo Akira | 261 | 1308 | 320561 |
Trevor W. Robbins | 231 | 1137 | 164437 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Frank E. Speizer | 193 | 636 | 135891 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Chris D. Frith | 173 | 524 | 130472 |
Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Avshalom Caspi | 170 | 524 | 113583 |