Institution
Medical Research Council
Government•London, United Kingdom•
About: Medical Research Council is a government organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 16430 authors who have published 19150 publications receiving 1475494 citations.
Topics: Population, Malaria, Poison control, Gene, Antigen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute1, University of Liverpool2, Mahidol University3, Kenya Medical Research Institute4, University of Malawi5, Health Protection Agency6, University of East Anglia7, University of Bristol8, Michigan State University9, International Military Sports Council10, University of Barcelona11, Medical Research Council12, Novartis13, University of Maryland, Baltimore14
TL;DR: It is suggested that iNTS disease is in part an epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa caused by highly related Salmonella Typhimurium lineages that may have occupied new niches associated with a compromised human population and antibiotic treatment.
Abstract: A highly invasive form of non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease has recently been documented in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common Salmonella enterica serovar causing this disease is Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium). We applied whole-genome sequence-based phylogenetic methods to define the population structure of sub-Saharan African invasive Salmonella Typhimurium isolates and compared these to global Salmonella Typhimurium populations. Notably, the vast majority of sub-Saharan invasive Salmonella Typhimurium isolates fell within two closely related, highly clustered phylogenetic lineages that we estimate emerged independently ∼52 and ∼35 years ago in close temporal association with the current HIV pandemic. Clonal replacement of isolates from lineage I by those from lineage II was potentially influenced by the use of chloramphenicol for the treatment of iNTS disease. Our analysis suggests that iNTS disease is in part an epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa caused by highly related Salmonella Typhimurium lineages that may have occupied new niches associated with a compromised human population and antibiotic treatment.
346 citations
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Charles N. Rotimi1, Akin Abayomi2, Alash'le Abimiku3, Victoria Adabayeri4 +242 more•Institutions (82)
TL;DR: If the dearth of genomics research involving Africans persists, the potential health and economic benefits emanating from genomic science may elude an entire continent.
Abstract: H3Africa is developing capacity for health-related genomics research in Africa Our understanding of genome biology, genomics, and disease, and even human history, has advanced tremendously with the completion of the Human Genome Project. Technological advances coupled with significant cost reductions in genomic research have yielded novel insights into disease etiology, diagnosis, and therapy for some of the world's most intractable and devastating diseases—including malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, cancer, and diabetes. Yet, despite the burden of infectious diseases and, more recently, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Africa, Africans have only participated minimally in genomics research. Of the thousands of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) that have been conducted globally, only seven (for HIV susceptibility, malaria, tuberculosis, and podoconiosis) have been conducted exclusively on African participants; four others (for prostate cancer, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anthropometry) included some African participants (www.genome.gov/gwastudies/). As discussed in 2011 (www.h3africa.org), if the dearth of genomics research involving Africans persists, the potential health and economic benefits emanating from genomic science may elude an entire continent.
344 citations
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TL;DR: The study confirms that hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean section cannot be eliminated by volume preloading in the supine wedged patient, and challenges the perception of the value of crystalloid preload.
Abstract: Background:Hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section remains a common and serious complication despite the use of uterine displacement and volume preloading. The current study revaluated the role of crystalloid volume preloading in this context.Methods:In a two-stage open sequential d
344 citations
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TL;DR: The agreement between the clinician-rated scale and the scale completed by a non-clinician was determined and both scales correlated significantly with each other, and with the neuropsychological and electrophysiological measures of fluctuation.
Abstract: Background The identification of fluctuating confusion is central to improving the differential diagnosis of the common dementias.
Aims To determine the value of two rating scales to measure fluctuating confusion.
Method The agreement between the clinician-rated scale and the scale completed by a non-clinician was determined. Correlations between the two scales were calculated; variability in attention was calculated on a computerised cognitive assessment and variability in delta rhythm on an electroencephalogram (EEG).
Results The Clinician Assessment of Fluctuation and the computerised cognitive assessment were completed for 155 patients (61 Alzheimer's disease, 37 dementia with Lewy bodies, 22 vascular dementia, 35 elderly controls). A subgroup ( n =40) received a further evaluation using the One Day Fluctuation Assessment Scale and an EEG. The two scales correlated significantly with each other, and with the neuropsychological and electrophysiological measures of fluctuation.
Conclusions Both scales are useful instruments for the clinical assessment of fluctuation in dementia.
344 citations
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TL;DR: A set of clones covering the entire Caenorhabditis elegans genome was constructed by using a novel bacteriophage lambda vector, lambda 1059, a BamHI substitution vector that accommodates DNA fragments 6-24 kilobases long.
Abstract: A simple method for generating phage collections representing eukaryotic genomes has been developed by using a novel bacteriophage lambda vector, lambda 1059. The phage is a BamHI substitution vector that accommodates DNA fragments 6-24 kilobases long. Production of recombinants in lambda 1059 requires deletion of the lambda red and gamma genes. The recombinants are therefore spi- and may be separated from the spi+ vector phages by plating on strains lysogenic for bacteriophage P2. Random fragments suitable for insertion into lambda 1059 are obtained by partial digestion of high molecular weight eukaryotic DNA with Sau3a. This restriction enzyme cleaves at the sequence G-A-T-C and leaves a 5'-tetranucleotide "sticky end." Because G-A-T-C extensions are also produced by BamHI cleavage, these fragments may be annealed directly to BamHI-cleaved lambda 1059. By using these methods, a set of clones covering the entire Caenorhabditis elegans genome was constructed. DNA segments which include the unc-54 myosin heavy chain gene have been isolated from this collection.
344 citations
Authors
Showing all 16441 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Shizuo Akira | 261 | 1308 | 320561 |
Trevor W. Robbins | 231 | 1137 | 164437 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Frank E. Speizer | 193 | 636 | 135891 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Chris D. Frith | 173 | 524 | 130472 |
Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Avshalom Caspi | 170 | 524 | 113583 |