Oregon State University

About: Oregon State University is a education organization based out in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 28192 authors who have published 64044 publications receiving 2634108 citations. The organization is also known as: Oregon Agricultural College & OSU.

Active and intelligent packaging in meat industry

Abstract: Background Microbial contamination and lipid and protein oxidation are major concerns for meat and meat products in terms of food safety and quality deterioration. The meat quality and safety properties are highly dependent on packaging materials and technologies. Scope and approach To achieve longer shelf life, active packaging and intelligent packaging have been developed to change the conditions of the package, impart information, monitor the product supply chain, and provide anti-counterfeit functionality. This will effectively enhance food safety and quality and consequently increase the product value, convenience, and consumer satisfactions. This review analyzes the recent developments in active and intelligent packaging in the meat industry, in both research and commercial domains. The global patents and future research trends are also discussed. Key findings and conclusions Active and intelligent packaging offer great opportunities for enhancing meat safety, quality, and convenience, and consequently decrease the number of retailer and consumer complaints. Some important factors such as legislation concerns (e.g. migration of active substances from packaging materials, labelling), economics and consumers' preferences should be considered to successfully implement antimicrobial and intelligent packaging solutions in the meat industry.

p-type conductivity in CuCr1−xMgxO2 films and powders

Abstract: CuCr1−xMgxO2, a wide band gap semiconductor with the delafossite structure, has been synthesized in bulk and thin-film form. Bulk undoped CuCrO2 is almost black and has moderate conductivity with p-type carriers. Upon doping with 5% Mg, the conductivity increases by a factor of 1000. In films, the best p-type conductivity is 220 S cm−1 in CuCr0.95Mg0.05O2, a factor of 7 higher than previously reported for Cu-based p-type delafossites. Undoped films have a conductivity of order 1 S cm−1. Films are usually polycrystalline on amorphous substrates, but undoped films can be c-axis oriented if deposited at or above 650 °C. Optical and ultraviolet transmission data indicate a direct band gap of 3.1 eV.

Integration of MODIS land and atmosphere products with a coupled-process model to estimate gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration from 1 km to global scales

Abstract: linear relations with measurements of solar irradiance (r 2 = 0.95, relative bias: 8%), gross primary productivity (r 2 = 0.86, relative bias: 5%) and evapotranspiration (r 2 = 0.86, relative bias: 15%) in data from 33 flux towers that cover seven plant functional types across arctic to tropical climatic zones. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration computed in BESS were most sensitive to leaf area index and solar irradiance, respectively. We quantified the mean global terrestrial estimates of gross primary productivity and evapotranpiration between 2001 and 2003 as 118 � 26 PgC yr � 1 and 500 � 104 mm yr � 1 (equivalent to 63,000 � 13,100 km 3 yr � 1 ), respectively. BESS-derived gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration estimates were consistent with the estimates from independent machine-learning, data-driven products, but the process-oriented structure has the advantage of diagnosing sensitivity of mechanisms. The process-based BESS is able to offer gridded biophysical variables everywhere from local to the total global land scales with an 8-day interval over multiple years.

Sexual Segregation in Ungulates: New Directions for Research

Abstract: We reviewed the literature on sexual segregation in polygynous ungulates in an effort to clarify terms and concepts, summarize recent information that supports or discredits three broadly defined hypotheses, and suggest directions for future research that should help resolve when and why the sexes segregate in these large mammals. The hypotheses discussed include those based on intersexual differences in energetics and security (reproductive-strategy hypothesis), body size dimorphism and dietary requirements (sexual dimorphism-body size hypothesis), and social mechanisms (social-factors hypothesis). These hypotheses represent ecological, physiological, and social perspectives and are not mutually exclusive. Most evidence reviewed supported the reproductive-strategy hypothesis. Less support was available for either the sexual dimorphism-body size hypothesis or the social-factors hypothesis. Nonetheless, most available evidence is provided by field studies that contend with many confounding variables. We suggest several areas of future study that may serve as critical tests and are likely to be productive in resolving why sexual segregation occurs in polygynous ungulates.