Oregon State University

About: Oregon State University is a education organization based out in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 28192 authors who have published 64044 publications receiving 2634108 citations. The organization is also known as: Oregon Agricultural College & OSU.

An empirical study of high-order single-bit delta-sigma modulators

Abstract: Computer simulations are used to determine the stability limits of single-bit delta-sigma modulators up to order 8. It is found that none of the existing criteria for stability are adequate for design. Plots of the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achievable with a given modulator order and oversampling ratio (OSR) are presented. These graphs can be used to determine the modulator order and OSR required to achieve a given SNR or to check the tightness of (as yet unavailable) theoretical bounds. >

Validation of global moderate-resolution LAI products: a framework proposed within the CEOS land product validation subgroup

Abstract: Initiated in 1984, the Committee Earth Observing Satellites' Working Group on Calibration and Validation (CEOS WGCV) pursues activities to coordinate, standardize and advance calibration and validation of civilian satellites and their data. One subgroup of CEOS WGCV, Land Product Validation (LPV), was established in 2000 to define standard validation guidelines and protocols and to foster data and information exchange relevant to the validation of land products. Since then, a number of leaf area index (LAI) products have become available to the science community at both global and regional extents. Having multiple global LAI products and multiple, disparate validation activities related to these products presents the opportunity to realize efficiency through international collaboration. So the LPV subgroup established an international LAI intercomparison validation activity. This paper describes the main components of this international validation effort. The paper documents the current participants, their ground LAI measurements and scaling techniques, and the metadata and infrastructure established to share data. The paper concludes by describing plans for sharing both field data and high-resolution LAI products from each site. Many considerations of this global LAI intercomparison can apply to other products, and this paper presents a framework for such collaboration

Confronting the challenges of implementing marine ecosystem-based management

Abstract: Many services provided by coastal and marine ecosystems are in decline. Awareness of these declines and the need to improve existing management has led to a shift toward ecosystem-based approaches to marine management and conservation, both in the US and elsewhere. Marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) involves recognizing and addressing interactions among different spatial and temporal scales, within and among ecological and social systems, and among stakeholder groups and communities interested in the health and stewardship of coastal and marine areas. We discuss some overarching principles of marine EBM and highlight key challenges facing implementation. We then recommend ways in which natural and social scientists can advance implementation of ecosystem-based approaches in the oceans by addressing key research needs, building interdisciplinary scientific capacity, and synthesizing and communicating scientific knowledge to policy makers, managers, and other stakeholders.

Consequences of twenty-first-century policy for multi-millennial climate and sea-level change

Abstract: Most of the policy debate surrounding the actions needed to mitigate and adapt to anthropogenic climate change has been framed by observations of the past 150 years as well as climate and sea-level projections for the twenty-first century. The focus on this 250-year window, however, obscures some of the most profound problems associated with climate change. Here, we argue that the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, a period during which the overwhelming majority of human-caused carbon emissions are likely to occur, need to be placed into a long-term context that includes the past 20 millennia, when the last Ice Age ended and human civilization developed, and the next ten millennia, over which time the projected impacts of anthropogenic climate change will grow and persist. This long-term perspective illustrates that policy decisions made in the next few years to decades will have profound impacts on global climate, ecosystems and human societies — not just for this century, but for the next ten millennia and beyond.

Physical Activity and Minority Women: A Qualitative Study

Abstract: Few physical activity research studies have been conducted with minority women. The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of physical activity among minority women. Focus groups were conducted with volunteers older than age 40. Each group was led by a trained moderator familiar with the ethnic community targeted. The sessions were audiotaped and professionally transcribed. Constructs were researched and codes were developed. Data were analyzed using NUD*IST qualitative analysis program. While participants did not identify themselves as "exercisers," they indicated they got enough physical activity from caregiving, housekeeping, and workday activities. The most common environmental barriers to becoming more physically active included safety, availability, and cost. Personal barriers included lack of time, health concerns, and lack of motivation. Results indicate the importance of terminology and assessment when conducting physical activity research in these populations. Also, results suggest many barriers are changeable with policies and interventions.