University of Jyväskylä

About: University of Jyväskylä is a education organization based out in Jyvaskyla, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 8066 authors who have published 25168 publications receiving 725033 citations. The organization is also known as: Jyväskylän yliopisto & Kasvatusopillinen korkeakoulu.

Elliptic Flow of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

Abstract: We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2 < p(t) < 5.0 GeV/c. The elliptic flow signal v(2), measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 +/- 0.002(stat) +/- 0.003(syst) in the 40%-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v(2)(p(t)) reaches a maximum of 0.2 near p(t) = 3 GeV/c. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.

Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Conflict Among Employed Women and Men in Finland

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of work-family conflict among employed women and men in Finland. The data were obtained by questionnaire from a sample of 501 employees working in four organizations. The results showed that work-family conflict was more prevalent than family-work conflict among both sexes, but that there were no gender differences in experiencing either work-family or family-work conflict. Family-work conflict was best explained by family domain variables (e.g., number of children living at home) for both sexes, and work-family conflict by work domain variables (e.g., full-time job, poor leadership relations) among the women, and by high education and high number of children living at home among the men. Family-work conflict had negative consequences on family well-being, and work-family conflict, in particular, on occupational well-being. The findings suggest that in particular improvements in working life are needed to prevent problems i...

X-ray analysis on the nanogram to microgram scale using porous complexes

Abstract: X-ray single-crystal diffraction (SCD) analysis has the intrinsic limitation that the target molecules must be obtained as single crystals. Here we report a protocol for SCD analysis that does not require the crystallization of the sample. In our method, tiny crystals of porous complexes are soaked in a solution of the target, such that the complexes can absorb the target molecules. Crystallographic analysis clearly determines the absorbed guest structures along with the host frameworks. Because the SCD analysis is carried out on only one tiny crystal of the complex, the required sample mass is of the nanogram–microgram order. We demonstrate that as little as about 80 nanograms of a sample is enough for the SCD analysis. In combination with high-performance liquid chromatography, our protocol allows the direct characterization of multiple fractions, establishing a prototypical means of liquid chromatography SCD analysis. Furthermore, we unambiguously determined the structure of a scarce marine natural product using only 5 micrograms of the compound. Chemists need reliable methods to analyse and determine molecular structures. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry are indispensable tools in daily chemical research for rapidly analysing molecular structures, but, strictly speaking, they provide only speculative molecular structures that are sometimes assigned incorrectly. However, X-ray SCD provides direct structural information at the atomic level and is recognized as the most reliable structure determination method 1–3 . Unfortunately, X-ray SCD has some critical limitations. First, the crystallization of samples before measurement can not be automated and usually requires a time-consuming trial-and-error procedure. Second, the method is in principle not applicable to non-crystalline molecules. In this Article, we describe an advance in crystallographic analysis based on a new X-ray analysis protocol that does not require the crystallization of the sample molecules themselves. Our idea is to use networked porous metal complexes 4–7 as ‘crystalline sponges’ 8 . Owing to the high molecular-recognition ability of the pores, the crystalline sponges can absorb target sample molecules from their solution into the pores, rendering the incoming molecules regularly ordered in the crystal. Accordingly, the molecular structure of the absorbed guest will be displayed, along with the host framework, by the crystallographic analysis of the networked porous complexes. We emphasize that even trace amounts of samples (,0.1mg) can be analysed by this method because the experiment can be performed with only one tiny crystal (,0.1 mm to a side). In the following discussion, we thus describe the crystallographic analysis of non-crystalline compounds and nanogram–microgram-scale X-ray crystallography based on our method. The great advantage of trace-amount X-ray analysis is particularly emphasized by its application to liquid chromatography SCD analysis (see below), where high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions are directly collected by the crystalline sponge and analysed by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, we successfully determine the structure of a scarce marine natural product, miyakosyne A, including the absolute configuration of its chiral centre, which could not be determined by conventional chemical and spectroscopic methods. X-ray crystallography of liquid samples

Self-passivating edge reconstructions of graphene.

Abstract: Planar reconstruction patterns at the zigzag and armchair edges of graphene were investigated with density-functional theory It was unexpectedly found that the zigzag edge is metastable and a planar reconstruction spontaneously takes place at room temperature The reconstruction changes electronic structure and self-passivates the edge with respect to adsorption of atomic hydrogen from a molecular atmosphere