Showing papers by "University of Jyväskylä published in 2021"
Swansea University1, University of Bradford2, University of Newcastle3, Ryerson University4, University of Jyväskylä5, Paris School of Business6, University of Nevada, Las Vegas7, Symbiosis International University8, Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania9, Bundeswehr University Munich10, Manchester Metropolitan University11, University of Helsinki12, Florida Gulf Coast University13, University of Sheffield14
TL;DR: This research offers a significant and timely contribution to both researchers and practitioners in the form of challenges and opportunities where it highlights the limitations within the current research, outline the research gaps and develop the questions and propositions that can help advance knowledge within the domain of digital and social marketing.
588 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive update of the ISSP Position Stand on career development and transitions of athletes issued a decade ago (Stambulova, Alferm... is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This paper is a comprehensive update of the International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) Position Stand on career development and transitions of athletes issued a decade ago (Stambulova, Alferm...
129 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the specific considerations needed when employing women (i.e., from athletes to non-athletes) as participants in sport and exercise science-based research and address the diversity and complexities associated with female reproductive endocrinology across the lifespan.
Abstract: Until recently, there has been less demand for and interest in female-specific sport and exercise science data. As a result, the vast majority of high-quality sport and exercise science data have been derived from studies with men as participants, which reduces the application of these data due to the known physiological differences between the sexes, specifically with regard to reproductive endocrinology. Furthermore, a shortage of specialist knowledge on female physiology in the sport science community, coupled with a reluctance to effectively adapt experimental designs to incorporate female-specific considerations, such as the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraceptive use, pregnancy and the menopause, has slowed the pursuit of knowledge in this field of research. In addition, a lack of agreement on the terminology and methodological approaches (i.e., gold-standard techniques) used within this research area has further hindered the ability of researchers to adequately develop evidenced-based guidelines for female exercisers. The purpose of this paper was to highlight the specific considerations needed when employing women (i.e., from athletes to non-athletes) as participants in sport and exercise science-based research. These considerations relate to participant selection criteria and adaptations for experimental design and address the diversity and complexities associated with female reproductive endocrinology across the lifespan. This statement intends to promote an increase in the inclusion of women as participants in studies related to sport and exercise science and an enhanced execution of these studies resulting in more high-quality female-specific data.
128 citations
Daphne Donis1, Evanthia Mantzouki1, Daniel Frank Mcginnis1, Dominic Vachon2 +199 more•Institutions (65)
TL;DR: In this article, Verspagen, van Herk and van Wijk present a collection of essays with the same authors, including a discussion of the role of gender in the relationship between women and women's empowerment.
Abstract: Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Online Additional co-authors: Jolanda Verspagen, Maria van Herk, Maria G. Antoniou, Nikoletta Tsiarta, Valerie McCarthy, Victor C. Perello, Danielle Machado-Vieira, Alinne Gurjao de Oliveira, Dubravka Spoljaric Maronic, Filip Stevic, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Itana Bokan Vucelic, Petar Žutinic, Marija Gligora Udovic, Anđelka Plenkovic-Moraj, Ludek Blaha, Rodan Geris, Marketa Frankova, Kirsten Seestern Christoffersen, Trine Perlt Warming, Tonu Feldmann, Alo Laas, Kristel Panksep, Lea Tuvikene, Kersti Kangro, Judita Koreiviene, Jurate Karosiene, Jurate Kasperoviciene, Ksenija Savadova-Ratkus, Irma Vitonyte, Kerstin Haggqvist, Pauliina Salmi, Lauri Arvola, Karl Rothhaupt, Christos Avagianos, Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Spyros Gkelis, Manthos Panou, Theodoros Triantis, Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou, Anastasia Hiskia, Ulrike Obertegger, Adriano Boscaini, Giovanna Flaim, Nico Salmaso, Leonardo Cerasino, Sigrid Haande, Birger Skjelbred, Magdalena Grabowska, Maciej Karpowicz, Damian Chmura, Lidia Nawrocka, Justyna Kobos, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, Pablo Alcaraz-Parraga, Elzbieta Wilk-Wozniak, Wojciech Krzton, Edward Walusiak, Ilona Gagala-Borowska, Joana Mankiewicz-Boczek, Magdalena Toporowska, Barbara Pawlik-Skowronska, Michal Niedzwiecki, Wojciech Peczula, Agnieszka Napiorkowska-Krzebietke, Julita Dunalska, Justyna Sienska, Daniel Szymanski, Marek Kruk, Agnieszka Budzynska, Ryszard Goldyn, Anna Kozak, Joanna Rosinska, Elzbieta Szeląg-Wasielewska, Piotr Domek, Natalia Jakubowska-Krepska, Kinga Kwasizur, Beata Messyasz, Aleksandra Pelechata, Mariusz Pelechaty, Mikolaj Kokocinski, Beata Madrecka-Witkowska, Iwona Kostrzewska-Szlakowska, Magdalena Frąk, Agnieszka Bankowska-Sobczak, Michal Wasilewicz, Agnieszka Ochocka, Agnieszka Pasztaleniec, Iwona Jasser, Ana M. Antao-Geraldes, Manel Leira, Vitor Vasconcelos, Joao Morais, Micaela Vale, Pedro M. Raposeiro, Vitor Goncalves, Boris Aleksovski, Svetislav Krstic, Hana Nemova, Iveta Drastichova, Lucia Chomova, Spela Remec-Rekar, Tina Elersek, Lars-Anders Hansson, Pablo Urrutia-Cordero, Andrea G. Bravo, Moritz Buck, William Colom-Montero, Kristiina Mustonen, Don Pierson, Yang Yang, Christine Edwards, Hannah Cromie, Jordi Delgado-Martin, David Garcia, Jose Luis Cereijo, Joan Goma, Mari Carmen Trapote, Teresa Vegas-Vilarrubia, Biel Obrador, Ana Garcia-Murcia, Monserrat Real, Elvira Romans, Jordi Noguero-Ribes, David Parreno Duque, Elisabeth Fernandez-Moran, Barbara Ubeda, Jose Angel Galvez, Nuria Catalan, Carmen Perez-Martinez, Eloisa Ramos-Rodriguez, Carmen Cillero-Castro, Enrique Moreno-Ostos, Jose Maria Blanco, Valeriano Rodriguez, Jorge Juan Montes-Perez, Roberto L. Palomino, Estela Rodriguez-Perez, Armand Hernandez, Rafael Carballeira, Antonio Camacho, Antonio Picazo, Carlos Rochera, Anna C. Santamans, Carmen Ferriol, Susana Romo, Juan Miguel Soria, Arda Ozen, Tunay Karan, Nilsun Demir, Meryem Beklioglu, Nur Filiz, Eti Levi, Ugur Iskin, Gizem Bezirci, Ulku Nihan Tavsanoglu, Kemal Celik, Koray Ozhan, Nusret Karakaya, Mehmet Ali Turan Kocer, Mete Yilmaz, Faruk Maras¸lioglu, Ozden Fakioglu, Elif Neyran Soylu, Meral Apaydin Yagci, Sakir Cinar, Kadir Capkin, Abdulkadir Yagci, Mehmet Cesur, Fuat Bilgin, Cafer Bulut, Rahmi Uysal, Koker Latife, Reyhan Akcaalan, Meric Albay, Mehmet Tahir Alp, Korhan Ozkan, Tugba Ongun Sevindik, Hatice Tunca, Burcin Onem, Hans Paerl, Cayelan C. Carey, Bastiaan W. Ibelings
125 citations
TL;DR: Research across disciplinary boundaries is needed to address the challenges that lakes face in the Anthropocene because they may play an increasingly important role in harbouring unique aquatic biota as well as providing ecosystem goods and services in the future.
Abstract: The Anthropocene presents formidable threats to freshwater ecosystems. Lakes are especially vulnerable and important at the same time. They cover only a small area worldwide but harbour high levels of biodiversity and contribute disproportionately to ecosystem services. Lakes differ with respect to their general type (e.g. land-locked, drainage, floodplain and large lakes) and position in the landscape (e.g. highland versus lowland lakes), which contribute to the dynamics of these systems. Lakes should be generally viewed as 'meta-systems', whereby biodiversity is strongly affected by species dispersal, and ecosystem dynamics are contributed by the flow of matter and substances among locations in a broader waterscape context. Lake connectivity in the waterscape and position in the landscape determine the degree to which a lake is prone to invasion by non-native species and accumulation of harmful substances. Highly connected lakes low in the landscape accumulate nutrients and pollutants originating from ecosystems higher in the landscape. The monitoring and restoration of lake biodiversity and ecosystem services should consider the fact that a high degree of dynamism is present at local, regional and global scales. However, local and regional monitoring may be plagued by the unpredictability of ecological phenomena, hindering adaptive management of lakes. Although monitoring data are increasingly becoming available to study responses of lakes to global change, we still lack suitable integration of models for entire waterscapes. Research across disciplinary boundaries is needed to address the challenges that lakes face in the Anthropocene because they may play an increasingly important role in harbouring unique aquatic biota as well as providing ecosystem goods and services in the future.
103 citations
TL;DR: The frontier orbitals of each of these species have been investigated using a common methodology to allow for a like-for-like comparison of their electronic structure and a means of rationalising (sometimes unprecedented) patterns of reactivity.
Abstract: Trivalent aluminium compounds are well known for their reactivity as Lewis acids/electrophiles, a feature that is exploited in many pharmaceutical, industrial and laboratory-based reactions Recently, a series of isolable aluminium(I) anions ("aluminyls") have been reported, which offer an alternative to this textbook description: these reagents behave as aluminium nucleophiles This minireview covers the synthesis, structure and reactivity of aluminyl species reported to date, together with their associated metal complexes The frontier orbitals of each of these species have been investigated using a common methodology to allow for a like-for-like comparison of their electronic structure and a means of rationalising (sometimes unprecedented) patterns of reactivity
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method for solving Calderon type inverse problems for semilinear equations with power type nonlinearities was introduced, which allows one to solve inverse problems in cases where the solution for a corresponding linear equation is not known.
102 citations
TL;DR: Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE’s sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE’s sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
102 citations
Université catholique de Louvain1, University of Porto2, Ankara University3, Özyeğin University4, University of Jyväskylä5, University of Lausanne6, National University of Rwanda7, Saint Joseph's University8, Ghent University9, University of Paris10, University of Wrocław11, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières12, Fudan University13, University of São Paulo14, University College London15, University of Geneva16, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt17, Charité18, Hokkai Gakuen University19, Centre for Social Studies20, Harvard University21, Stanford University22, Tilburg University23, University of the Punjab24, Menoufia University25, University of Social Sciences and Humanities26, Chubu University27, University of Belgrade28, University of Lomé29, University of Nîmes30, Rio de Janeiro State University31, University of Sydney32, Universidad de San Martín de Porres33, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador34, University of Padua35, National University of Distance Education36, Alzahra University37, West University of Timișoara38, University of Yaoundé39, University of Ulm40, Dalarna University41, Universidad Santo Tomás42, Austral University of Chile43, Florida International University44, National University of Tucumán45, National Pedagogic University (Mexico)46, University of Toulouse47, University of the Basque Country48, Aix-Marseille University49, University of the Republic50, University College West51, University of Bucharest52, Saint Petersburg State University53, University of Costa Rica54, Bahçeşehir University55, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems56, Chiang Mai University57
TL;DR: It is shown that individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them.
Abstract: High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; Mage = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress.
94 citations
TL;DR: This work reviews 204 randomly drawn articles from macro and micro organizational science and applied psychology journals, finding that only 106 articles properly deal with the random effects assumption, and offers a set of practical recommendations for researchers to model multilevel data appropriately.
Abstract: Entities such as individuals, teams, or organizations can vary systematically from one another. Researchers typically model such data using multilevel models, assuming that the random effects are u...
89 citations
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research1, Federico Santa María Technical University2, University of Virginia3, University of Giessen4, Chinese Academy of Sciences5, Istituto Superiore di Sanità6, fondazione bruno kessler7, Instituto Superior Técnico8, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility9, University of Jyväskylä10, University of South Carolina11, The Catholic University of America12, Université Paris-Saclay13, University of Connecticut14, Nanjing University15, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare16, Pablo de Olavide University17, Stony Brook University18, Brookhaven National Laboratory19, Showa Pharmaceutical University20, KEK21, University of Regensburg22
TL;DR: A broad spectrum of such information is evaluated in this article, with a view to consolidating the facts and therefrom moving toward a coherent, unified picture of hadron structure and the role that diquark correlations might play.
Maria Lc Iurilli1, Bin Zhou1, James E. Bennett1, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco1 +1399 more•Institutions (374)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants.
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
TL;DR: This study investigates what kind of CT has been assessed in Scratch at the primary education level and defines a tangible educational objective for introducing CT comprehensively in primary education and concretise the fundamental skills and areas of understanding involved in CT as its “core educational principles”.
Abstract: Computer programming is being introduced in educational curricula, even at the primary school level. One goal of this implementation is to teach computational thinking (CT), which is potentially applicable in various computational problem‐solving situations. However, the educational objective of CT in primary schools is somewhat unclear: curricula in various countries define learning objectives for topics, such as computer science, computing, programming or digital literacy but not for CT specifically. Additionally, there has been confusion in concretely and comprehensively defining and operationalising what to teach, learn and assess about CT in primary education even with popular programming akin to Scratch. In response to the growing demands of CT, by conducting a literature review on studies utilising Scratch in K–9, this study investigates what kind of CT has been assessed in Scratch at the primary education level. As a theoretical background for the review, we define a tangible educational objective for introducing CT comprehensively in primary education and concretise the fundamental skills and areas of understanding involved in CT as its “core educational principles”. The results of the review summarise Scratch programming contents that students can manipulate and activities in which they can engage that foster CT. Moreover, methods for formatively assessing CT via students' Scratch projects and programming processes are explored. The results underpin that the summarised “CT‐fostering” programming contents and activities in Scratch are vast and multidimensional. The next steps for this study are to refine pedagogically meaningful ways to assess CT in students' Scratch projects and programming processes.
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven1, University of Liverpool2, Peking University3, Oak Ridge National Laboratory4, University of Tennessee5, Chalmers University of Technology6, University of Manchester7, University of Jyväskylä8, Helsinki Institute of Physics9, Centre national de la recherche scientifique10, Massachusetts Institute of Technology11, CERN12, Michigan State University13, Physical Research Laboratory14
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method with β-decay detection to measure the charge radius of potassium isotopes up to 52K and showed no sign of magicity at 32 neutrons.
Abstract: Nuclear charge radii are sensitive probes of different aspects of the nucleon–nucleon interaction and the bulk properties of nuclear matter, providing a stringent test and challenge for nuclear theory. Experimental evidence suggested a new magic neutron number at N = 32 (refs. 1–3) in the calcium region, whereas the unexpectedly large increases in the charge radii4,5 open new questions about the evolution of nuclear size in neutron-rich systems. By combining the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method with β-decay detection, we were able to extend charge radii measurements of potassium isotopes beyond N = 32. Here we provide a charge radius measurement of 52K. It does not show a signature of magic behaviour at N = 32 in potassium. The results are interpreted with two state-of-the-art nuclear theories. The coupled cluster theory reproduces the odd–even variations in charge radii but not the notable increase beyond N = 28. This rise is well captured by Fayans nuclear density functional theory, which, however, overestimates the odd–even staggering effect in charge radii. These findings highlight our limited understanding of the nuclear size of neutron-rich systems, and expose problems that are present in some of the best current models of nuclear theory. The charge radii of potassium isotopes up to 52K are measured, and show no sign of magicity at 32 neutrons as previously suggested in calcium. The observations are interpreted with coupled cluster and density functional theory calculations.
Heidelberg University1, National University of Singapore2, Hong Kong Polytechnic University3, Cardiff University4, Sun Yat-sen University5, University of Melbourne6, Brien Holden Vision Institute7, University of Canberra8, University of New South Wales9, Aston University10, University of California, Berkeley11, Australian National University12, Tokyo Medical and Dental University13, University of Jyväskylä14, University of Houston15, Ohio State University16, Chang Gung University17, State University of New York College of Optometry18
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to reduce the prevalence of myopia and the progression to high myopia by encouraging schoolchildren to spend more time outdoors, which aligns with other existing health initiatives such as obesity prevention by promoting a healthier lifestyle for children and adolescents.
Abstract: The prevalence of myopia has markedly increased in East and Southeast Asia, and pathologic consequences of myopia, including myopic maculopathy and high myopia-associated optic neuropathy, are now some of the most common causes of irreversible blindness. Hence, strategies are warranted to reduce the prevalence of myopia and the progression to high myopia because this is the main modifiable risk factor for pathologic myopia. On the basis of published population-based and interventional studies, an important strategy to reduce the development of myopia is encouraging schoolchildren to spend more time outdoors. As compared with other measures, spending more time outdoors is the safest strategy and aligns with other existing health initiatives, such as obesity prevention, by promoting a healthier lifestyle for children and adolescents. Useful clinical measures to reduce or slow the progression of myopia include the daily application of low-dose atropine eye drops, in concentrations ranging between 0.01% and 0.05%, despite the side effects of a slightly reduced amplitude of accommodation, slight mydriasis, and risk of an allergic reaction; multifocal spectacle design; contact lenses that have power profiles that produce peripheral myopic defocus; and orthokeratology using corneal gas-permeable contact lenses that are designed to flatten the central cornea, leading to midperipheral steeping and peripheral myopic defocus, during overnight wear to eliminate daytime myopia. The risk-to-benefit ratio needs to be weighed up for the individual on the basis of their age, health, and lifestyle. The measures listed above are not mutually exclusive and are beginning to be examined in combination.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors characterize and optimize the DOX loading into different 2D and 3D scaffolded DNA origami nanostructures (DONs), and identify DOX aggregation mechanisms and spectral changes linked to pH, magnesium, and DOX concentration.
Abstract: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common drug in cancer chemotherapy, and its high DNA-binding affinity can be harnessed in preparing DOX-loaded DNA nanostructures for targeted delivery and therapeutics. Although DOX has been widely studied, the existing literature of DOX-loaded DNA-carriers remains limited and incoherent. Here, based on an in-depth spectroscopic analysis, we characterize and optimize the DOX loading into different 2D and 3D scaffolded DNA origami nanostructures (DONs). In our experimental conditions, all DONs show similar DOX binding capacities (one DOX molecule per two to three base pairs), and the binding equilibrium is reached within seconds, remarkably faster than previously acknowledged. To characterize drug release profiles, DON degradation and DOX release from the complexes upon DNase I digestion was studied. For the employed DONs, the relative doses (DOX molecules released per unit time) may vary by two orders of magnitude depending on the DON superstructure. In addition, we identify DOX aggregation mechanisms and spectral changes linked to pH, magnesium, and DOX concentration. These features have been largely ignored in experimenting with DNA nanostructures, but are probably the major sources of the incoherence of the experimental results so far. Therefore, we believe this work can act as a guide to tailoring the release profiles and developing better drug delivery systems based on DNA-carriers.
TL;DR: Thematic analysis (TA) is the most widely used method for analysing qualitative data as mentioned in this paper, and recent debates highlight the binary distinctions between reflexive TA grounded within the qualitative paradigms.
Abstract: Thematic analysis (TA) is the most widely used method for analysing qualitative data. Recent debates, highlighting the binary distinctions between reflexive TA grounded within the qualitative parad...
TL;DR: This paper studied teacher burnout and its three subdomains across several teacher-, student-, and organisation-level variables, including teacher category, class size, number of students with support needs, attitudes towards inclusive education, and availability of support.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of resistance training (RT) performed until volitional failure with low, moderate, and high loads on muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength in healthy adults was analyzed.
Abstract: PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) performed until volitional failure with low, moderate, and high loads on muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength in healthy adults and to assess the possible participant-, design-, and training-related covariates that may affect the adaptations. METHODS Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Including only studies that performed sets to volitional failure, the effects of low- (>15 repetitions maximum (RM)), moderate- (9-15 RM), and high-load (≤8 RM) RTs were examined in healthy adults. Network meta-analysis was undertaken to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between RT loads in overall and subgroup analyses involving studies deemed of high quality. Associations between participant-, design-, and training-related covariates with SMD were assessed by univariate and multivariate network meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies involving 747 healthy adults were included. Although no differences in muscle hypertrophy between RT loads were found in overall (P = 0.113-0.469) or subgroup analysis (P = 0.871-0.995), greater effects were observed in untrained participants (P = 0.033) and participants with some training background who undertook more RT sessions (P = 0.031-0.045). Muscle strength improvement was superior for both high-load and moderate-load compared with low-load RT in overall and subgroup analysis (SMD, 0.60-0.63 and 0.34-0.35, respectively; P < 0.001-0.003), with a nonsignificant but superior effect for high compared with moderate load (SMD, 0.26-0.28, P = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS Although muscle hypertrophy improvements seem to be load independent, increases in muscle strength are superior in high-load RT programs. Untrained participants exhibit greater muscle hypertrophy, whereas undertaking more RT sessions provides superior gains in those with previous training experience.
TL;DR: It is argued that older adults use ICT in very heterogeneous ways and that the roles bestowed upon warm experts can be understood precisely through this heterogeneity.
Abstract: In this article, we (1) examine the various forms of support required by older users (75+) of digital technology and (2) provide a concrete, everyday life rationale for why warm experts play such a...
University of Minnesota1, Texas A&M University2, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign3, Max Planck Society4, University of Amsterdam5, University of Wisconsin-Madison6, Tallahassee Community College7, Texas Tech University8, East Carolina University9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of North Florida11, University of Georgia12, Carleton University13, University of Toronto14, Curtin University15, Brigham Young University16, Arkansas State University17, New York University18, Ruhr University Bochum19, Northwestern University20, University at Albany, SUNY21, University of Würzburg22, Florida State University23, Indiana University24, University of California, Riverside25, University of Groningen26, Austin College27, Georgia Southern University28, Saarland University29, University of Kentucky30, Brunel University London31, Central Michigan University32, ISM University of Management and Economics33, University of Cologne34, University of Jyväskylä35, University of California, Merced36, Bradley University37, University of Melbourne38, University of the Arts London39, Wake Forest University40, VU University Amsterdam41, Texas A&M University–Texarkana42, Lüneburg University43, University of Waterloo44, York University45, University of California, San Francisco46, University of Michigan47, University of Colorado Boulder48, Western Kentucky University49, Ohio University50, University of Dundee51, University of Bamberg52
TL;DR: This paper conducted a pre-registered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach.
Abstract: We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.
TL;DR: This study employed regression models on two large-scale assessment data sets on teachers from 11 countries to investigate through the theoretical lens of digital competence how teaching professionals' skills, attitudes and knowledge distribute and relate, and how they are associated with personal and contextual factors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the impact of inequality factors on mental health outcomes during COVID-19 after registration on ProposPERO, a systematic review was conducted for papers published up to July 31, 2020, using the databases Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science The following inequality factors were considered: education, income, employment, occupation, material and social deprivation, age, immigrant status, sexual orientation, functional health, cultural/racial background, sex, gender, and place of residence.
Abstract: Previous research on pandemics and emergencies has shown that such events often widen health inequalities in society and have a greater impact on socially disadvantaged groups No review has so far looked at the impact of inequality factors on mental health outcomes during the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) The aim of the current review was therefore to assess the impact of inequality factors on mental health outcomes during COVID-19 After registration on PROSPERO, a systematic review was conducted for papers published up to July 31, 2020, using the databases Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science The following inequality factors were considered: education, income, employment, occupation, material and social deprivation, age, immigrant status, sexual orientation, functional health, cultural/racial background, sex, gender, and place of residence Out of 1,931 references, 117 studies (300,061 participants) were included Female sex, being of a younger age, financial insecurity, lack of access to clear messaging/information about the pandemic, proximity to large infection sites, having existing physical and/or psychological health conditions, and being subjected to abuse/stigma because of one's identity as a member of an ethnic or sexual marginalized group predicted mental health inequalities More research is required on how inequality affects mental health in less studied vulnerable populations, such as ethnic, sexual, and gender marginalized participants, as well as how inequality factors interact to affect mental health in the long term Recommendations for researchers, mental health practitioners, and public health authorities for mitigating adverse mental health outcomes in vulnerable populations are outlined (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) Des recherches anterieures sur les pandemies et les urgences ont montre que de tels evenements augmentent souvent les inegalites en matiere de sante dans la societe et ont une incidence plus grave sur les groupes socialement defavorises A ce jour, aucune etude n'a examine l'incidence des facteurs d'inegalite sur les resultats en matiere de sante mentale lors de l'epidemie du nouveau coronavirus (COVID-19) L'objectif de la presente etude etait donc d'evaluer l'incidence des facteurs d'inegalite sur les resultats en matiere de sante mentale pendant la COVID-19 Apres inscription sur PROSPERO, un examen systematique a ete effectue pour les articles publies jusqu'au 31 juillet 2020, en utilisant les bases de donnees Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE) et Web of Science Les facteurs d'inegalite suivants ont ete pris en consideration : education, revenu, emploi, profession, privation materielle et sociale, age, statut d'immigrant, orientation sexuelle, sante fonctionnelle, origine culturelle/raciale, sexe, genre et lieu de residence Sur 1 931 references, 117 etudes (300 061 participants) ont ete incluses Le sexe feminin, le jeune age, l'insecurite financiere, le manque d'acces a des messages/renseignements clairs sur la pandemie, la proximite d'importants sites d'infection, les conditions de sante physique et/ou psychologique existantes et le fait d'etre victime d'abus/stigmatisation en raison de son identite en tant que membre d'un groupe ethnique ou sexuel marginalise ont permis de predire les inegalites en matiere de sante mentale Des recherches supplementaires sont necessaires sur la maniere dont les inegalites affectent la sante mentale dans les populations vulnerables moins etudiees, telles que les participants marginalises sur le plan ethnique, sexuel et sexospecifique, ainsi que sur la maniere dont les facteurs d'inegalite interagissent pour affecter la sante mentale a long terme Des recommandations sont formulees a l'intention des chercheurs, des praticiens de la sante mentale et des autorites de sante publique pour attenuer les effets nefastes sur la sante mentale des populations vulnerables (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement-The findings of this review suggest that several inequality factors, such as female sex, younger age, financial insecurity, having existing chronic health conditions, and being in an ethnic or sexual marginalized group predict worse mental health outcomes during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic There is an urgent need for mental health services to support vulnerable populations at this time, to reduce mental health inequalities and improve long-term psychological functioning (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Semmelweis University1, University of Cambridge2, Ghent University3, Heidelberg University4, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences5, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn6, University of Jyväskylä7, Cardiff University8, Anglia Ruskin University9, Sewanee: The University of the South10, Ulster University11, Boston Children's Hospital12, Glasgow Caledonian University13, Utrecht University14, Erasmus University Rotterdam15, Aston University16, Carl Zeiss AG17, University of Padua18, University of Manchester19, University of New South Wales20, Brien Holden Vision Institute21
TL;DR: The European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish an update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia as mentioned in this paper, where the pathogenesis, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.
Abstract: The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.
TL;DR: The European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), together with the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AAPC) and the Canadian Association for Cardiac Rehabilitation, published a position statement on aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR), in which the objective and subjective methods for CR exercise intensity determination exist for aerobic and resistance training, together with their advantages and disadvantages as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A proper determination of the exercise intensity is important for the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) since it affects the effectiveness and medical safety of exercise training. In 2013, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), together with the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation, published a position statement on aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR). Since this publication, many subsequent papers were published concerning the determination of the exercise intensity in CR, in which some controversies were revealed and some of the commonly applied concepts were further refined. Moreover, how to determine the exercise intensity during resistance training was not covered in this position paper. In light of these new findings, an update on how to determine the exercise intensity for patients with CVD is mandatory, both for aerobic and resistance exercises. In this EAPC position paper, it will be explained in detail which objective and subjective methods for CR exercise intensity determination exist for aerobic and resistance training, together with their (dis)advantages and practical applications.
TL;DR: In this article, the functional capacity of COVID-19 survivors by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was evaluated and the safety and tolerability of CPET was evaluated.
TL;DR: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) as discussed by the authors is a 40kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, which is sensitive to the electron-neutrinos flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova.
Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE's ability to constrain the $
u_e$ spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered.
TL;DR: The observed declines indicate compliance with social distancing recommendation, but underline the importance of participation in meaningful life situations as a factor underlying good QOL also during COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Social distancing, i.e. avoiding places with other people and staying at home, was recommended to prevent viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. Potentially, reduced out-of-home mobility and lower activity levels among older people may lower their quality of life (QOL). We studied cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of and changes in life-space mobility, active ageing and QOL during COVID-19 social distancing compared to two years before. METHODS: Altogether 809 community-living participants initially aged 75, 80 or 85 years of our active aging study (AGNES) conducted in 2017-2018 took part in the current AGNES-COVID-19 survey in May and June 2020. Outdoor mobility was assessed with the Life-Space Assessment (range 0-120). Active approach to life was assessed with the University of Jyvaskyla Active Aging Scale (range 0-272), and QOL with the shortened Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (range13-65; higher scores better for all). Data were analyzed with General Estimating Equations, General Linear Models, and Oneway-ANOVA. RESULTS: Life-space mobility (B -10.8, SE 0.75, p<0.001), the active ageing score (B -24.1, SE 0.88, p<0.001) and the QOL score (B -1.65, SE 0.21, p<0.001) were lower during COVID-19 social distancing vs. two years before. Concurrent life-space mobility and active ageing scores, age and sex explained 48% of QOL at the baseline and 42% during social distancing. Longitudinally, steeper declines in all three variables coincided. CONCLUSIONS: The observed declines indicate compliance with social distancing recommendation, but underline the importance of participation in meaningful life situations as a factor underlying good QOL also during COVID-19 pandemic.
University of Edinburgh1, University of Bristol2, University of California, Los Angeles3, Erasmus University Rotterdam4, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute5, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute6, University of Basel7, National Institutes of Health8, University of Tartu9, Emory University10, Technische Universität München11, University of Southern Denmark12, Odense University Hospital13, University of Helsinki14, University of Alabama at Birmingham15, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill16, University of Michigan17, Imperial College London18, Peking University19, Memorial Hospital of South Bend20, King's College London21, Chang Gung University22, VU University Amsterdam23, Public Health Research Institute24, Cancer Council Victoria25, Karolinska Institutet26, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston27, University of Mississippi Medical Center28, Monash University, Clayton campus29, University of Melbourne30, University of Vermont31, University of Tampere32, Boston University33, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust34, National Health Service35, University of Minnesota36, Turku University Hospital37, University of Turku38, University of Virginia39, University of Jyväskylä40, University of Mainz41, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich42, University of Southern California43, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center44, Hacettepe University45, University of Kentucky46, Tulane University47, University of Washington48
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify 137 genome-wide significant loci, of which 113 are novel, from genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of four epigenetic clocks and epigenetic surrogate markers for granulocyte proportions and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels.
Abstract: Biological aging estimators derived from DNA methylation data are heritable and correlate with morbidity and mortality. Consequently, identification of genetic and environmental contributors to the variation in these measures in populations has become a major goal in the field. Leveraging DNA methylation and SNP data from more than 40,000 individuals, we identify 137 genome-wide significant loci, of which 113 are novel, from genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of four epigenetic clocks and epigenetic surrogate markers for granulocyte proportions and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels, respectively. We find evidence for shared genetic loci associated with the Horvath clock and expression of transcripts encoding genes linked to lipid metabolism and immune function. Notably, these loci are independent of those reported to regulate DNA methylation levels at constituent clock CpGs. A polygenic score for GrimAge acceleration showed strong associations with adiposity-related traits, educational attainment, parental longevity, and C-reactive protein levels. This study illuminates the genetic architecture underlying epigenetic aging and its shared genetic contributions with lifestyle factors and longevity.
Qatar Airways1, University of Melbourne2, University of Canberra3, VU University Amsterdam4, Loughborough University5, Open University of Hong Kong6, University of the Basque Country7, University of Cassino8, Qatar University9, Sultan Qaboos University10, Yarmouk University11, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg12, Northumbria University13, University of Waikato14, University of Marburg15, University of Tirana16, University of Zagreb17, University of Sfax18, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul19, John Jay College of Criminal Justice20, University of Extremadura21, Brock University22, University of Craiova23, Ljubljana University Medical Centre24, Claude Bernard University Lyon 125, Hacettepe University26, Paris West University Nanterre La Défense27, Prince Sultan University28, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse29, University of São Paulo30, University of New Caledonia31, La Trobe University32, University of Western Australia33, Australian Catholic University34, Tehran University of Medical Sciences35, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg36, University of the West of Scotland37, University of Jyväskylä38, University of Pretoria39, Yonsei University40, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College41, University Hospital Coventry42, University of Lausanne43, Kogi State University44, University of the West45, University of Lyon46, University of Milan47, University of Tasmania48, Australian Institute of Sport49, Mahasarakham University50, University of Isfahan51, State University of Semarang52, University of Indianapolis53, University of Agder54, VU University Medical Center55, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg56, University of Sousse57, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw58, Norwegian University of Science and Technology59
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Abstract: Our objective was to explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Athletes (n = 12,526, comprising 13% world class, 21% international, 36% national, 24% state, and 6% recreational) completed an online survey that was available from 17 May to 5 July 2020 and explored their training behaviors (training knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, and practices), including specific questions on their training intensity, frequency, and session duration before and during lockdown (March–June 2020). Overall, 85% of athletes wanted to “maintain training,” and 79% disagreed with the statement that it is “okay to not train during lockdown,” with a greater prevalence for both in higher-level athletes. In total, 60% of athletes considered “coaching by correspondence (remote coaching)” to be sufficient (highest amongst world-class athletes). During lockdown, < 40% were able to maintain sport-specific training (e.g., long endurance [39%], interval training [35%], weightlifting [33%], plyometric exercise [30%]) at pre-lockdown levels (higher among world-class, international, and national athletes), with most (83%) training for “general fitness and health maintenance” during lockdown. Athletes trained alone (80%) and focused on bodyweight (65%) and cardiovascular (59%) exercise/training during lockdown. Compared with before lockdown, most athletes reported reduced training frequency (from between five and seven sessions per week to four or fewer), shorter training sessions (from ≥ 60 to < 60 min), and lower sport-specific intensity (~ 38% reduction), irrespective of athlete classification. COVID-19-related lockdowns saw marked reductions in athletic training specificity, intensity, frequency, and duration, with notable within-sample differences (by athlete classification). Higher classification athletes had the strongest desire to “maintain” training and the greatest opposition to “not training” during lockdowns. These higher classification athletes retained training specificity to a greater degree than others, probably because of preferential access to limited training resources. More higher classification athletes considered “coaching by correspondence” as sufficient than did lower classification athletes. These lockdown-mediated changes in training were not conducive to maintenance or progression of athletes’ physical capacities and were also likely detrimental to athletes’ mental health. These data can be used by policy makers, athletes, and their multidisciplinary teams to modulate their practice, with a degree of individualization, in the current and continued pandemic-related scenario. Furthermore, the data may drive training-related educational resources for athletes and their multidisciplinary teams. Such upskilling would provide athletes with evidence to inform their training modifications in response to germane situations (e.g., COVID related, injury, and illness).