Institution
University of Perugia
Education•Perugia, Umbria, Italy•
About: University of Perugia is a education organization based out in Perugia, Umbria, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 13365 authors who have published 39516 publications receiving 1265601 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitá degli Studi di Perugia & Universita degli Studi di Perugia.
Topics: Population, Large Hadron Collider, Immune system, Medicine, Catalysis
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The results show that Ags of Aspergillus exist with the ability to induce both Th1- and Th2-type reactivity during infection, a finding that suggests a possible mechanism through which potentially protective immune responses are inhibited in mice with the infection.
Abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, is responsible for multiple airway diseases of an allergic and a nonallergic nature. In a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, resistance is associated with a decreased lung inflammatory pathology and the occurrence of an IL-12-dependent Th1-type reactivity that are both impaired by IL-4. In the present study we assess the ability of Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags and the recombinant allergen Asp f 2 to induce protective antifungal responses in mice with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Similar to what occurred upon nasal exposure to viable A. fumigatus conidia, treatment of immunocompetent mice with Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags resulted in the development of local and peripheral protective Th1 memory responses, mediated by Ag-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL-2 capable of conferring protection upon adoptive transfer to naive recipients. Protective Th1 responses could not be observed in mice deficient of IFN-gamma or IL-12 and did not occur in response to Asp f 2, which, on the contrary, elicited high level production of inhibitory IL-4. The results show that Ags of Aspergillus exist with the ability to induce both Th1- and Th2-type reactivity during infection, a finding that suggests a possible mechanism through which potentially protective immune responses are inhibited in mice with the infection. However, the occurrence of Th1-mediated resistance upon vaccination with Aspergillus crude culture filtrate Ags, suggests the existence of fungal Ags useful as a candidate vaccine against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
203 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed oxygen, carbon and clumped isotopes of a unique set of modern calcitic and aragonitic travertines, tufa and cave deposits from natural springs and wells.
203 citations
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Kyoto University1, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory2, University of Colorado Boulder3, Space Science Institute4, California Institute of Technology5, Max Planck Society6, Stockholm University7, Hiroshima University8, Jagiellonian University9, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana10, University of Perugia11, Goddard Space Flight Center12, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare13, Nagoya University14, University of Copenhagen15, Curtin University16, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation17, INAF18, Boston University19, Spanish National Research Council20, University of Michigan21, Pulkovo Observatory22, National Autonomous University of Mexico23, University of Turku24, Saint Petersburg State University25, Ohio University26, National Central University27, Harvard University28, Heidelberg University29, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies30, National Taiwan University31, Aalto University32, Isaac Newton Institute33, University of Southampton34, Lowell Observatory35
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present time-resolved broadband observations of the quasar 3C 279 obtained from multi-wavelength campaigns conducted during the first two years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission.
Abstract: We present time-resolved broadband observations of the quasar 3C 279 obtained from multi-wavelength campaigns conducted during the first two years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. While investigating the previously reported γ-ray/optical flare accompanied by a change in optical polarization, we found that the optical emission appears to be delayed with respect to the γ-ray emission by about 10 days. X-ray observations reveal a pair of "isolated" flares separated by ~90 days, with only weak γ-ray/optical counterparts. The spectral structure measured by Spitzer reveals a synchrotron component peaking in the mid-infrared band with a sharp break at the far-infrared band during the γ-ray flare, while the peak appears in the millimeter (mm)/submillimeter (sub-mm) band in the low state. Selected spectral energy distributions are fitted with leptonic models including Comptonization of external radiation produced in a dusty torus or the broad-line region. Adopting the interpretation of the polarization swing involving propagation of the emitting region along a curved trajectory, we can explain the evolution of the broadband spectra during the γ-ray flaring event by a shift of its location from ~1 pc to ~4 pc from the central black hole. On the other hand, if the γ-ray flare is generated instead at sub-pc distance from the central black hole, the far-infrared break can be explained by synchrotron self-absorption. We also model the low spectral state, dominated by the mm/sub-mm peaking synchrotron component, and suggest that the corresponding inverse-Compton component explains the steady X-ray emission.
202 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the regional petrological and geochemical variations observed in the Recent magmatism along the Italian peninsula are interpreted to testify to the coexistence of distinct sectors of upper mantle.
Abstract: The regional petrological and geochemical variations observed in the Recent magmatism along the Italian peninsula are interpreted to testify to the coexistence of distinct sectors of upper mantle. These are suggested to result from at least three compositionally and temporally distinct metasomatic events that affected petrologically different premetasomatic mantle sources. Geological and geochemical evidence suggests that metasomatism in the northern sector occurred during the Alpine subduction by introduction of a composition similar to the deeply subducted Dora Maira metagranites into a residual lithospheric mantle of upper crustal material. Metasomatic events beneath the Roman and Neapolitan areas are younger. These are related to the addition of melts and fluids into a fertile asthenospheric mantle during the latest stage of the west-directed Apennine subduction of the Adria plate and during the current northwest subduction of the Ionian sea floor.
202 citations
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TL;DR: An extensive structure-activity relationship for a series of synthetic bile acids is reported and indicates that the 6alpha position plays a fundamental role in determining affinity and that the side chain of BA is amenable to a variety of chemical modification.
Abstract: The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is activated by endogenous bile acids (BAs) and plays a variety of physiological roles related to modulation of gene transcription. In particular, FXR positively regulates the cholesterol catabolism while feedback inhibits the BA synthesis by repressing the expression of the CYP7A and CYP8B genes. We have previously shown that 6α-ethyl-CDCA (6ECDCA) is a potent and selective FXR agonist. In this paper we report an extensive structure−activity relationship for a series of synthetic bile acids. Our results indicate that the 6α position plays a fundamental role in determining affinity and that the side chain of BA is amenable to a variety of chemical modification. Although none of the new derivatives is more potent than 6ECDCA, we show here that a wide variability in efficacy, from full agonists to partial antagonists, can be obtained.
202 citations
Authors
Showing all 13488 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Michael Grätzel | 248 | 1423 | 303599 |
Luigi Ferrucci | 193 | 1601 | 181199 |
Tobin J. Marks | 159 | 1621 | 111604 |
Johan Auwerx | 158 | 653 | 95779 |
Tony Pawson | 150 | 425 | 85196 |
Jack Hirsh | 146 | 734 | 86332 |
Alexander Belyaev | 142 | 1895 | 100796 |
R. L. McCarthy | 141 | 1238 | 115696 |
Harvey B Newman | 139 | 1594 | 88308 |
Guido Tonelli | 138 | 1458 | 97248 |
Elias Campo | 135 | 761 | 85160 |
Alberto Messineo | 134 | 1511 | 96492 |
Franco Ligabue | 134 | 1404 | 95389 |
Roberto Tenchini | 133 | 1390 | 94541 |
R. Bartoldus | 132 | 1624 | 97405 |