Institution
University of Pittsburgh
Education•Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States•
About: University of Pittsburgh is a education organization based out in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 87042 authors who have published 201012 publications receiving 9656783 citations. The organization is also known as: Pitt & Western University of Pennsylvania.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Poison control, Cancer, Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A circuit-based framework for understanding gene and neurotransmitter interactions in schizophrenia is developed and Nicotine enhances the output of interneurons, and might thereby contribute to its therapeutic effect in schizophrenia.
955 citations
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TL;DR: The proof of principle of CT-based attenuation correction of 3D positron emission tomography (PET) data is demonstrated by using scans of bone and soft tissue equivalent phantoms and scans of humans to conclude that using CT information is a feasible way to obtain attenuation Correction factors for 3D PET.
Abstract: In this work we demonstrate the proof of principle of CT-based attenuation correction of 3D positron emission tomography (PET) data by using scans of bone and soft tissue equivalent phantoms and scans of humans. This method of attenuation correction is intended for use in a single scanner that combines volume-imaging (3D) PET with x-ray computed tomography (CT) for the purpose of providing accurately registered anatomical localization of structures seen in the PET image. The goal of this work is to determine if we can perform attenuation correction of the PET emission data using accurately aligned CT attenuation information. We discuss possible methods of calculating the PET attenuation map at 511 keV based on CT transmission information acquired from 40 keV through 140 keV. Data were acquired on separate CT and PET scanners and were aligned using standard image registration procedures. Results are presented on three of the attenuation calculation methods: segmentation, scaling, and our proposed hybrid segmentation/scaling method. The results are compared with those using the standard 3D PET attenuation correction method as a gold standard. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed hybrid method for converting the CT attenuation map from an effective CT photon energy of 70 keV to the PET photon energy of 511 keV. We conclude that using CT information is a feasible way to obtain attenuation correction factors for 3D PET.
955 citations
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Boston Children's Hospital1, Harvard University2, University of Calgary3, University of Manchester4, University of Edinburgh5, University of Alabama at Birmingham6, Rotunda Hospital7, Rutgers University8, Wayne State University9, University of Toronto10, University of Pennsylvania11, Oregon Health & Science University12, Utrecht University13, University of Pittsburgh14, Case Western Reserve University15, University College London16, University of Oslo17, VU University Amsterdam18, University of Groningen19
TL;DR: The group agreed on sets of uniform sampling criteria, placental gross descriptors, pathologic terminologies, and diagnostic criteria for placental lesions, which will assist in international comparability of clinicopathologic and scientific studies and assist in refining the significance of lesions associated with adverse pregnancy and later health outcomes.
Abstract: Context.—The value of placental examination in investigations of adverse pregnancy outcomes may be compromised by sampling and definition differences between laboratories. Objective.—To establish an agreed-upon protocol for sampling the placenta, and for diagnostic criteria for placental lesions. Recommendations would cover reporting placentas in tertiary centers as well as in community hospitals and district general hospitals, and are also relevant to the scientific research community. Data Sources.—Areas of controversy or uncertainty were explored prior to a 1-day meeting where placental and perinatal pathologists, and maternal-fetal medicine specialists discussed available evidence and subsequently reached consensus where possible. Conclusions.—The group agreed on sets of uniform sampling criteria, placental gross descriptors, pathologic terminologies, and diagnostic criteria. The terminology and microscopic descriptions for maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, delayed villous m...
955 citations
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Harvard University1, Yale University2, Broad Institute3, Baylor College of Medicine4, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center5, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute6, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai7, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston8, University of Illinois at Chicago9, University of Pennsylvania10, Vanderbilt University11, University of Pittsburgh12, Carnegie Mellon University13
TL;DR: This model is used to identify ∼1,000 genes that are significantly lacking in functional coding variation in non-ASD samples and are enriched for de novo loss-of-function mutations identified in ASD cases, suggesting that the role of de noVO mutations in ASDs might reside in fundamental neurodevelopmental processes.
Abstract: Mark Daly and colleagues present a statistical framework to evaluate the role of de novo mutations in human disease by calibrating a model of de novo mutation rates at the individual gene level. The mutation probabilities defined by their model and list of constrained genes can be used to help identify genetic variants that have a significant role in disease.
952 citations
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TL;DR: It is confirmed that stromal lymphocytic infiltration constitutes a robust prognostic factor in TNBCs and studies assessing outcomes and therapeutic efficacies should consider stratification for this parameter.
Abstract: Purpose Recent studies suggest that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in operable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We seek to validate the prognostic impact of TILs in primary TNBCs in two adjuvant phase III trials conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Patients and methods Full-face hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of 506 tumors from ECOG trials E2197 and E1199 were evaluated for density of TILs in intraepithelial (iTILs) and stromal compartments (sTILs). Patient cases of TNBC from E2197 and E1199 were randomly selected based on availability of sections. For the primary end point of DFS, association with TIL scores was determined by fitting proportional hazards models stratified on study. Secondary end points were OS and distant recurrence–free interval (DRFI). Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies criteria were followed, and all analyses were prespecified. Results The majority of 481 evaluable cancers had TILs (sTILs, 80%; iTILs, 15%). With a median follow-up of 10.6 years, higher sTIL scores were associated with better prognosis; for every 10% increase in sTILs, a 14% reduction of risk of recurrence or death (P = .02), 18% reduction of risk of distant recurrence (P = .04), and 19% reduction of risk of death (P = .01) were observed. Multivariable analysis confirmed sTILs to be an independent prognostic marker of DFS, DRFI, and OS. Conclusion In two national randomized clinical trials using contemporary adjuvant chemotherapy, we confirm that stromal lymphocytic infiltration constitutes a robust prognostic factor in TNBCs. Studies assessing outcomes and therapeutic efficacies should consider stratification for this parameter.
951 citations
Authors
Showing all 87737 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
Graham A. Colditz | 261 | 1542 | 256034 |
Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Lewis C. Cantley | 196 | 748 | 169037 |
Dennis W. Dickson | 191 | 1243 | 148488 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
Dennis S. Charney | 179 | 802 | 122408 |
Ronald C. Petersen | 178 | 1091 | 153067 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
Richard K. Wilson | 173 | 463 | 260000 |
Deborah J. Cook | 173 | 907 | 148928 |