University of Vienna

About: University of Vienna is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 44686 authors who have published 95840 publications receiving 2907492 citations.

Mediterranean dietary pattern, inflammation and endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials

Abstract: Background High adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. To our knowledge, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that has compared the effects of an MD on outcomes of endothelial function and inflammation. Methods and results Literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Trial Register. Inclusion criteria were: randomized controlled trials, 19 + years of age, and minimum intervention period of 12 weeks. Study specific weighted mean differences (WMD) were pooled using a random effect model. Seventeen trials including 2300 subjects met the objectives. MD regimens resulted in a significantly more pronounced increase in flow mediated dilatation [WMD: 1.86%, 95% CI 0.23 to 3.48, p = 0.02; I 2 = 43%], and adiponectin [WMD: 1.69 μg/ml, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.11, p = 0.02; I 2 = 78%], while high-sensitive C reactive protein [WMD: −0.98 mg/l, 95% CI −1.48 to −0.49, p I 2 = 91%], interleukin-6 [WMD: −0.42 pg/ml, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.11, p = 0.008; I 2 = 81%], and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 [WMD: −23.73 ng/ml, 95% CI −41.24 to −6.22 p = 0.008; I 2 = 34%] turned out to be significantly more decreased. Conclusion The results of the present meta-analysis provide evidence that an MD decreases inflammation and improves endothelial function.

Nanopesticides: State of Knowledge, Environmental Fate, and Exposure Modeling

Abstract: Published literature has been reviewed in order to (a) explore the (potential) applications of nanotechnology in pesticide formulation, (b) identify possible impacts on environmental fate, and (c) analyze the suitability of current exposure assessment procedures to account for the novel properties of nanopesticides within the EU regulatory context. The term nanopesticide covers a wide variety of products and cannot be considered to represent a single category. Many nanoformulations combine several surfactants, polymers, and metal nanoparticles in the nanometer size range. The aims of nanoformulations are generally common to other pesticide formulations, these being to increase the apparent solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients, to release the active ingredient in a slow/targeted manner and/or to protect against premature degradation. Nanoformulations are thus expected to (a) have significant impacts on the fate of active ingredients and/or (b) introduce new ingredients for which the environmenta...

Bone marrow-derived elements in the central nervous system: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural survey of rat chimeras.

Abstract: This report defines the bone marrow-derived elements found in the central nervous system of adult rat radiation chimeras. Four cell types were identified which bore the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules of the donor rat strain thereby indicating a marrow origin. They were: meningeal macrophages, perivascular "microglial" cells, lymphocytes and rare cells with parenchymal microglial morphology. These cells were examined by immunohistochemical methods at the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. Extended descriptions of the perivascular marrow-derived elements and the parenchymal microglial cells are presented. These latter two cell types, which exist in humans, have a significant role in neuroimmune processes and most probably function as the antigen-presenting cells in the central nervous system of mammals.

An introduction to the sociology of sports mega-events†

Abstract: Acknowledgements. 1. An introduction to the sociology of sports mega-events: John Horne (University of Edinburgh, UK) and Wolfram Manzenreiter (University of Vienna, Austria). Part 1: Sports mega-events, modernity and capitalist economies. 2. Mega-events and modernity revisited: Maurice Roche (University of Sheffield, UK). 3. The Economic Impact of Major Sport Events: Chris Gratton, Simon Shibli, and Richard Coleman (Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, UK). 4. Urban entrepreneurship, corporate interests and sports mega-events: C. Michael Hall (University of Otago, New Zealand). Part 2: The Glocal Politics of Sports Mega-events. 5. Underestimated costs and overestimated benefits? Comparing the outcomes of sports mega-events in Canada and Japan: David Whitson (University of Alberta, at Edmonton, Canada) and John Horne (University of Edinburgh). 6. Modernizing China in the Olympic spotlight: China's national identity and the 2008 Beijing Olympiad: Xin Xu (Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan). 7. The 2010 Football World Cup as a political construct: the challenge of making good on an African promise: Scarlett Cornelissen (University of Stellenbosch, South Africa) and Kamilla Swart (Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa). Part 3: Power, spectacle and the city. 8. UEFA Euro 2004 Portugal: The social construction of a sports mega- event and spectacle: Salome Marivoet (University of Coimbra, Portugal). 9. Sports spectacles, uniformities and the search for identity in late modern Japan: Wolfram Manzenreiter (Vienna University). 10. Deep play: Sports mega-events and urban social conditions in the U.S.A: Kimberly Schimmel (Kent State University, U.S.A.). 11. Olympic Urbanism and Olympic Villages: Planning strategies in olympic host cities, London 1908 - London 2012: Francesc Munoz (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain). Notes on contributors. Index.