Institution
University of Vienna
Education•Vienna, Austria•
About: University of Vienna is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 44686 authors who have published 95840 publications receiving 2907492 citations.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Stars, Computer science, Galaxy
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV center-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures.
Abstract: Author(s): Baer, Howard; Barklow, Tim; Fujii, Keisuke; Gao, Yuanning; Hoang, Andre; Kanemura, Shinya; List, Jenny; Logan, Heather E; Nomerotski, Andrei; Perelstein, Maxim; Peskin, Michael E; Poschl, Roman; Reuter, Jurgen; Riemann, Sabine; Savoy-Navarro, Aurore; Servant, Geraldine; Tait, Tim MP; Yu, Jaehoon | Abstract: The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe.
587 citations
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TL;DR: Analysis of existing data on nanofertilizers and nanopesticides show that they have a gain in efficacy with respect to conventional products, but more data are necessary to evaluate all risks and benefits of using these materials in agriculture.
Abstract: Among a wide range of possible applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, there has been a particular interest in developing novel nanoagrochemicals. While some concerns have been expressed regarding altered risk profile of the new products, many foresee a great potential to support the necessary increase in global food production in a sustainable way. A critical evaluation of nanoagrochemicals against conventional analogues is essential to assess the associated benefits and risks. In this assessment, recent literature was critically analysed to determine the extent to which nanoagrochemicals differ from conventional products. Our analysis was based on 78 published papers and shows that median gain in efficacy relative to conventional products is about 20-30%. Environmental fate of agrochemicals can be altered by nanoformulations, but changes may not necessarily translate in a reduction of the environmental impact. Many studies lacked nano-specific quality assurance and adequate controls. Currently, there is no comprehensive study in the literature that evaluates efficacy and environmental impact of nanoagrochemicals under field conditions. This is a crucial knowledge gap and more work will thus be necessary for a sound evaluation of the benefits and new risks that nanoagrochemicals represent relative to existing products.
587 citations
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30 Jun 2010-Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences
TL;DR: The authors show that random selection strategies result in a random confounding of effects and heavily rely on the assumption of no interaction effects, whereas experimental strategies systematically confound interaction effects with main or set effects, thereby preserving a meaningful in...
Abstract: Vignette studies use short descriptions of situations or persons (vignettes) that are usually shown to respondents within surveys in order to elicit their judgments about these scenarios. By systematically varying the levels of theoretically important vignette characteristics a large population of different vignettes is typically available – too large to be presented to each respondent. Therefore, each respondent gets only a subset of vignettes. These subsets may either be randomly selected in following the tradition of the factorial survey or systematically selected according to an experimental design. We show that these strategies in selecting vignette sets have strong implications for the analysis and interpretation of vignette data. Random selection strategies result in a random confounding of effects and heavily rely on the assumption of no interaction effects. In contrast, experimental strategies systematically confound interaction effects with main or set effects, thereby preserving a meaningful in...
585 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that maximum sustainable rates of evolution or, equivalently, critical rates of environmental change, may be considerably less than 10% of a phenotypic standard deviation per generation.
Abstract: Because of the ubiquity of genetic variation for quantitative traits, virtually all populations have some capacity to respond evolutionarily to selective challenges. However, natural selection imposes demographic costs on a population, and if these costs are sufficiently large, the likelihood of extinction will be high. We consider how the mean time to extinction depends on selective pressures (rate and stochasticity of environmental change, and strength of selection), population parameters (carrying capacity, and reproductive capacity), and genetics (rate of polygenic mutation). We assume that in a randomly mating, finite population subject to density-dependent population growth, individual fitness is determined by a single quantitative-genetic character under Gaussian stabilizing selection with the optimum phenotype exhibiting directional change, 'or random fluctuations, or both. The quantitative trait is de- termined by a finite number of freely recombining, mutationally equivalent, additive loci. The dynamics of evolution and extinction are investigated, assuming that the population is initially under mutation-selection-drift balance. Under this model, in a directionally changing environment, the mean phenotype lags behind the optimum, but on the average evolves parallel to it. The magnitude of the lag determines the vulnerability to extinction. In finite populations, stochastic variation in the genetic variance can be quite pronounced, and bottlenecks in the genetic variance temporarily can impair the population's adaptive capacity enough to cause extinction when it would otherwise be unlikely in an effectively infinite population. We find that maximum sustainable rates of evolution or, equivalently, critical rates of environmental change, may be considerably less than 10% of a phenotypic standard deviation per generation.
585 citations
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University of Westminster1, University of Tartu2, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile3, University of Otago4, Islamic University of Indonesia5, Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy6, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis7, Macquarie University8, Polish Academy of Sciences9, Millikin University10, University College London11, King's College London12, University of Vienna13, Kyung Hee University14, Hope College15, University of Malaya16, University of Delaware17, Kocaeli University18, Chemnitz University of Technology19, University of KwaZulu-Natal20, University of Texas at Austin21, University of Idaho22, University of Helsinki23, University of California, Los Angeles24, University of Regina25, Deakin University26, Brock University27, Florida Atlantic University28, University of Porto29, Ateneo de Manila University30, University of Rijeka31, University of Zurich32, Ghent University33, University of Wrocław34, National University of Malaysia35, Loughborough University36
TL;DR: Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites.
Abstract: This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.
584 citations
Authors
Showing all 45262 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
Hans Lassmann | 155 | 724 | 79933 |
Stanley J. Korsmeyer | 151 | 316 | 113691 |
Charles B. Nemeroff | 149 | 979 | 90426 |
Martin A. Nowak | 148 | 591 | 94394 |
Barton F. Haynes | 144 | 911 | 79014 |
Yi Yang | 143 | 2456 | 92268 |
Peter Palese | 132 | 526 | 57882 |
Gérald Simonneau | 130 | 587 | 90006 |
Peter M. Elias | 127 | 581 | 49825 |
Erwin F. Wagner | 125 | 375 | 59688 |
Anton Zeilinger | 125 | 631 | 71013 |
Wolfgang Waltenberger | 125 | 854 | 75841 |
Michael Wagner | 124 | 351 | 54251 |