Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in peripheral nerve regeneration
Jami L. Scheib,Ahmet Hoke +1 more
TLDR
Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.Abstract:
Rodent models of nerve injury have increased our understanding of peripheral nerve regeneration, but clinical applications have been scarce, partly because such models do not adequately recapitulate the situation in humans. In human injuries, axons are often required to extend over much longer distances than in mice, and injury leaves distal nerve fibres and target tissues without axonal contact for extended amounts of time. Distal Schwann cells undergo atrophy owing to the lack of contact with proximal neurons, which results in reduced expression of neurotrophic growth factors, changes in the extracellular matrix and loss of Schwann cell basal lamina, all of which hamper axonal extension. Furthermore, atrophy and denervation-related changes in target tissues make good functional recovery difficult to achieve even when axons regenerate all the way to the target tissue. To improve functional outcomes in humans, strategies to increase the speed of axonal growth, maintain Schwann cells in a healthy, repair-capable state and keep target tissues receptive to reinnervation are needed. Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term tactile hypersensitivity after nerve crush injury in mice is characterized by the persistence of intact sensory axons.
Hyoung-Woo Kim,Sang Wook Shim,Anna M Zhao,Hye Min Han,Steven J. Middleton,Wheedong Kim,Sena Chung,Errin Courtney Johnson,J. Prentice,Marleen J. A. Koel-Simmelink,Luuk Wieske,Charlotte E. Teunissen,Yong Chul Bae,David L.H. Bennett,Simon Rinaldi,Alexander J. Davies,Seog Bae Oh +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report the neuropathology and sensory symptoms of a focal nerve crush injury using custom-modified hemostats resulting in either complete ("full") or incomplete ("partial") axonotmesis in adult mice.
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Injury-induced activation of the endocannabinoid system promotes axon regeneration
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors showed that a peripheral nerve injury induces axonal regeneration through an increase in the endocannabinoid tone, and they also enhanced the regenerative capacity of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons through the inhibition of the degradative enzyme MAGL or a CB1R agonist.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord.
Kristina A. Kigerl,John C. Gensel,Daniel P. Ankeny,Jessica K. Alexander,Dustin J. Donnelly,Phillip G. Popovich +5 more
TL;DR: Together, these data suggest that polarizing the differentiation of resident microglia and infiltrating blood monocytes toward an M2 or “alternatively” activated macrophage phenotype could promote CNS repair while limiting secondary inflammatory-mediated injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system "bridges" after central nervous system injury in adult rats
Samuel David,Albert J. Aguayo +1 more
TL;DR: The origin, termination, and length of axonal growth after focal central nervous system injury was examined in adult rats by means of a new experimental model and the regenerative potential of these central neurons seems to be expressed when the central nervous System glial environment is changed to that of the peripheral nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Erratum: Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
TL;DR: The authors would like to include as an addendum the contribution of R. Stout and J. Suttles to the conceptual framework of macrophage plasticity that was mentioned in the Review.
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