Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in peripheral nerve regeneration
Jami L. Scheib,Ahmet Hoke +1 more
TLDR
Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.Abstract:
Rodent models of nerve injury have increased our understanding of peripheral nerve regeneration, but clinical applications have been scarce, partly because such models do not adequately recapitulate the situation in humans. In human injuries, axons are often required to extend over much longer distances than in mice, and injury leaves distal nerve fibres and target tissues without axonal contact for extended amounts of time. Distal Schwann cells undergo atrophy owing to the lack of contact with proximal neurons, which results in reduced expression of neurotrophic growth factors, changes in the extracellular matrix and loss of Schwann cell basal lamina, all of which hamper axonal extension. Furthermore, atrophy and denervation-related changes in target tissues make good functional recovery difficult to achieve even when axons regenerate all the way to the target tissue. To improve functional outcomes in humans, strategies to increase the speed of axonal growth, maintain Schwann cells in a healthy, repair-capable state and keep target tissues receptive to reinnervation are needed. Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves
Kristjan R. Jessen,Rhona Mirsky +1 more
TL;DR: The transcription factor c‐Jun, although not required for Schwann cell development, is therefore central to the reprogramming of myelin and non‐myelin (Remak) Schwann cells to repair cells after injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peripheral nerve regeneration: Experimental strategies and future perspectives
TL;DR: This review summarises all the events occurring after nerve damage at the level of the cell body, the site of injury and the target organ.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioactive polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Scott Stratton,Namdev B. Shelke,Kazunori Hoshino,Swetha Rudraiah,Sangamesh G. Kumbar,Sangamesh G. Kumbar +5 more
TL;DR: 3D scaffold fabrication methodologies with a focus on optimizing scaffold performance through the matrix pores, bioactivity and degradation rate to enable tissue regeneration are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury.
Kristjan R. Jessen,Rhona Mirsky +1 more
TL;DR: The re-programming of Remak and myelin cells to repair cells, together with the injury-induced switch of peripheral neurons to a growth mode, gives peripheral nerves their strong regenerative potential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Repair Schwann cell update: Adaptive reprogramming, EMT, and stemness in regenerating nerves
TL;DR: The emerging similarities between the injury response seen in nerves and in other tissues are discussed and the transcription factors, epigenetic mechanisms, and signaling cascades that control repair Schwann cells are surveyed, with emphasis on systems that selectively regulate the Schwann cell injury response.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Promoting Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS by Modulation of the PTEN/mTOR Pathway
Kevin K. Park,Kai Liu,Yang Hu,Patrice D. Smith,Chen Wang,Bin Cai,Bengang Xu,Lauren Connolly,Ioannis Kramvis,Mustafa Sahin,Zhigang He +10 more
TL;DR: The manipulation of intrinsic growth control pathways as a therapeutic approach to promote axon regeneration after CNS injury is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes of nerve growth factor synthesis in nonneuronal cells in response to sciatic nerve transection.
TL;DR: In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that after transection all nonneuronal cells express mRNANGF and not only those ensheathing the nerve fibers of NGF-responsive neurons, and the volume is too small to fully replace the lacking supply from the periphery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Axons from CNS neurons regenerate into PNS grafts.
TL;DR: The capacity of transected axons originating in the CNS to regrow into nerve grafts containing Schwann cells is examined and it is found that these axonal sprouts form sprouts after injury in mammals and some fish and amphibians.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuregulin 1 in neural development, synaptic plasticity and schizophrenia
Lin Mei,Wen Cheng Xiong +1 more
TL;DR: An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which altered function of NRG1 and ErbB4 contributes to schizophrenia might eventually lead to the development of more effective therapeutics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biochemical and functional characterization of three activated macrophage populations
TL;DR: A side‐by‐side comparison of the three cell types is presented, showing that Mφ‐II more closely resemble Ca‐Mφ than they are to AA‐M φ, and it is shown that both have been classified as M2 M⩽, distinct from Ca‐mφ.
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