Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in peripheral nerve regeneration
Jami L. Scheib,Ahmet Hoke +1 more
TLDR
Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.Abstract:
Rodent models of nerve injury have increased our understanding of peripheral nerve regeneration, but clinical applications have been scarce, partly because such models do not adequately recapitulate the situation in humans. In human injuries, axons are often required to extend over much longer distances than in mice, and injury leaves distal nerve fibres and target tissues without axonal contact for extended amounts of time. Distal Schwann cells undergo atrophy owing to the lack of contact with proximal neurons, which results in reduced expression of neurotrophic growth factors, changes in the extracellular matrix and loss of Schwann cell basal lamina, all of which hamper axonal extension. Furthermore, atrophy and denervation-related changes in target tissues make good functional recovery difficult to achieve even when axons regenerate all the way to the target tissue. To improve functional outcomes in humans, strategies to increase the speed of axonal growth, maintain Schwann cells in a healthy, repair-capable state and keep target tissues receptive to reinnervation are needed. Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves
Kristjan R. Jessen,Rhona Mirsky +1 more
TL;DR: The transcription factor c‐Jun, although not required for Schwann cell development, is therefore central to the reprogramming of myelin and non‐myelin (Remak) Schwann cells to repair cells after injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peripheral nerve regeneration: Experimental strategies and future perspectives
TL;DR: This review summarises all the events occurring after nerve damage at the level of the cell body, the site of injury and the target organ.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioactive polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Scott Stratton,Namdev B. Shelke,Kazunori Hoshino,Swetha Rudraiah,Sangamesh G. Kumbar,Sangamesh G. Kumbar +5 more
TL;DR: 3D scaffold fabrication methodologies with a focus on optimizing scaffold performance through the matrix pores, bioactivity and degradation rate to enable tissue regeneration are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury.
Kristjan R. Jessen,Rhona Mirsky +1 more
TL;DR: The re-programming of Remak and myelin cells to repair cells, together with the injury-induced switch of peripheral neurons to a growth mode, gives peripheral nerves their strong regenerative potential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Repair Schwann cell update: Adaptive reprogramming, EMT, and stemness in regenerating nerves
TL;DR: The emerging similarities between the injury response seen in nerves and in other tissues are discussed and the transcription factors, epigenetic mechanisms, and signaling cascades that control repair Schwann cells are surveyed, with emphasis on systems that selectively regulate the Schwann cell injury response.
References
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Netrin-1-induced local β-actin synthesis and growth cone guidance requires zipcode binding protein 1.
Kristy Welshhans,Gary J. Bassell +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Zbp1/ Imp1 −/ − mice to test the hypothesis that zipcode binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is required for the regulation of β-actin mRNA transport and local translation underlying growth cone guidance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of permanent axotomy on number and volume of dorsal root ganglion cell bodies
TL;DR: It is concluded that permanent axotomy of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve results in a substantial loss of dorsal root ganglion cells and is well‐suited as a model for studying the potential protective effects of neurotrophic factors using modern stereological techniques.
Journal Article
Netrin-1-induced Local β-actin Synthesis and Growth Cone Guidance Requires Zipcode Binding Protein 1
Kristy Welshhans,Gary J. Bassell +1 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that netrin-1- and BDNF-induced growth cone attraction required Z BP1-mediated local translation of β-actin mRNA, and therefore ZBP1 regulates protein synthesis-dependent axon guidance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schwann cell proliferative responses to cAMP and Nf1 are mediated by cyclin D1.
TL;DR: It is shown here that cAMP acts downstream rather than upstream of growth factor receptor expression, and that at least one function of the Nf1 tumor suppressor is to antagonize the accumulation of cAMP and the expression of cyclin D1 in Schwann cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Denervation of skin in neuropathies: the sequence of axonal and Schwann cell changes in skin biopsies.
Gigi J. Ebenezer,Justin C. McArthur,Diane Thomas,Beth B. Murinson,Peter Hauer,Michael Polydefkis,John W. Griffin +6 more
TL;DR: The distribution of axonal loss, the axonal swellings and the changes in Schwann cells all have implications for the design of clinical trials of agents intended to protect cutaneous innervation and to promote regeneration of cutaneous axons in peripheral neuropathies.
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