Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in peripheral nerve regeneration
Jami L. Scheib,Ahmet Hoke +1 more
TLDR
Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.Abstract:
Rodent models of nerve injury have increased our understanding of peripheral nerve regeneration, but clinical applications have been scarce, partly because such models do not adequately recapitulate the situation in humans. In human injuries, axons are often required to extend over much longer distances than in mice, and injury leaves distal nerve fibres and target tissues without axonal contact for extended amounts of time. Distal Schwann cells undergo atrophy owing to the lack of contact with proximal neurons, which results in reduced expression of neurotrophic growth factors, changes in the extracellular matrix and loss of Schwann cell basal lamina, all of which hamper axonal extension. Furthermore, atrophy and denervation-related changes in target tissues make good functional recovery difficult to achieve even when axons regenerate all the way to the target tissue. To improve functional outcomes in humans, strategies to increase the speed of axonal growth, maintain Schwann cells in a healthy, repair-capable state and keep target tissues receptive to reinnervation are needed. Use of rodent models of chronic denervation will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration and create the potential to test therapeutic advances.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves
Kristjan R. Jessen,Rhona Mirsky +1 more
TL;DR: The transcription factor c‐Jun, although not required for Schwann cell development, is therefore central to the reprogramming of myelin and non‐myelin (Remak) Schwann cells to repair cells after injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peripheral nerve regeneration: Experimental strategies and future perspectives
TL;DR: This review summarises all the events occurring after nerve damage at the level of the cell body, the site of injury and the target organ.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioactive polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Scott Stratton,Namdev B. Shelke,Kazunori Hoshino,Swetha Rudraiah,Sangamesh G. Kumbar,Sangamesh G. Kumbar +5 more
TL;DR: 3D scaffold fabrication methodologies with a focus on optimizing scaffold performance through the matrix pores, bioactivity and degradation rate to enable tissue regeneration are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Success and Failure of the Schwann Cell Response to Nerve Injury.
Kristjan R. Jessen,Rhona Mirsky +1 more
TL;DR: The re-programming of Remak and myelin cells to repair cells, together with the injury-induced switch of peripheral neurons to a growth mode, gives peripheral nerves their strong regenerative potential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Repair Schwann cell update: Adaptive reprogramming, EMT, and stemness in regenerating nerves
TL;DR: The emerging similarities between the injury response seen in nerves and in other tissues are discussed and the transcription factors, epigenetic mechanisms, and signaling cascades that control repair Schwann cells are surveyed, with emphasis on systems that selectively regulate the Schwann cell injury response.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Polymer and nano-technology applications for repair and reconstruction of the central nervous system
Youngnam Cho,Richard B. Borgens +1 more
TL;DR: This review includes a brief explanation of the characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury SCI, the biological basis of the injuries, and the treatment opportunities of current polymer-based therapies, and updates the own progress in such applications for CNS injuries with various suggestions and discussion.
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Barnes Woodhall,Gilbert W. Beebe +1 more
TL;DR: More than 10 years have elapsed since the first casualties of the African invasion arrived at the Walter Reed General Hospital for continuing treatment of their war wounds, and were the first of 25,000 peripheral nerve injuries that were subsequently distributed among 19 neurosurgical centers established by the Army Medical Corps.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oligodendrocyte survival in Wallerian degeneration
TL;DR: The long-term survival of oligodendrocytes in the absence of axons in adult animals was studied following Wallerian degeneration of the optic nerves of adult rats for periods up to 22 months, indicating a possible reserve capacity for repair following central nervous system injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Degeneration of myelinated efferent fibers prompts mitosis in Remak Schwann cells of uninjured C-fiber afferents
TL;DR: It is found that the degeneration of myelinated motor axons produced signals that were mitogenic for nonmyelinating Schwann cells with intact axons but not for myelinatingSchwann cellsWith intact axon, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling-positive nuclei increased dramatically in peripheral nerve after L5 ventral rhizotomy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The nerve injury and the dying neurons: diagnosis and prevention.
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