Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules
TLDR
Prospects on the benefits linked to the use of the -omics technologies, such as metabolomics and transcriptomics to speed up the identification and the large-scale production of lead agents from bioengineered Cannabis cell culture, are presented.Abstract:
Cannabis sativa L. is an important herbaceous species originating from Central Asia, which has been used in folk medicine and as a source of textile fiber since the dawn of times. This fast-growing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multi-purpose applications: it is indeed a treasure trove of phytochemicals and a rich source of both cellulosic and woody fibers. Equally highly interested in this plant are the pharmaceutical and construction sectors, since its metabolites show potent bioactivities on human health and its outer and inner stem tissues can be used to make bioplastics and concrete-like material, respectively. In this review, the rich spectrum of hemp phytochemicals is discussed by putting a special emphasis on molecules of industrial interest, including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds, and their biosynthetic routes. Cannabinoids represent the most studied group of compounds, mainly due to their wide range of pharmaceutical effects in humans, including psychotropic activities. The therapeutic and commercial interests of some terpenes and phenolic compounds, and in particular stilbenoids and lignans, are also highlighted in view of the most recent literature data. Biotechnological avenues to enhance the production and bioactivity of hemp secondary metabolites are proposed by discussing the power of plant genetic engineering and tissue culture. In particular two systems are reviewed, i.e., cell suspension and hairy root cultures. Additionally, an entire section is devoted to hemp trichomes, in the light of their importance as phytochemical factories. Ultimately, prospects on the benefits linked to the use of the -omics technologies, such as metabolomics and transcriptomics to speed up the identification and the large-scale production of lead agents from bioengineered Cannabis cell culture, are presented.read more
Citations
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Multivariate classification of cannabis chemovars based on their terpene and cannabinoid profiles.
Matan Birenboim,Daniel Chalupowicz,Dalia Maurer,Shimon Barel,Yaira Chen,Elazar Fallik,Tarin Paz-Kagan,Tal Rapaport,Alona Sadeh,David Kengisbuch,Jakob A. Shimshoni +10 more
TL;DR: In this article , three different chemometric-based classification models were constructed using three sets of chemical profiles, and the combined cannabinoid-and-terpene PLS-DA profile had cross-validation and prediction misclassification errors of 4% and 0%, respectively.
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Photochemical efficiency is negatively correlated with the Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol content in Cannabis sativa L.
TL;DR: The THC treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana suggested dose-dependent decrease in the photochemical efficiency suggesting the exclusivity of THC in causing the response, thereby compromising the yield.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp (Cannabis sativa).
Craig H. Carlson,George M. Stack,Yu Jiang,Bircan Taskiran,Ali R. Cala,Jacob A. Toth,Glenn Philippe,Jocelyn K. C. Rose,Christine D. Smart,Lawrence B. Smart +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a total of 23 families were produced from genetically diverse parents to investigate the inheritance of morphological traits and their association with biomass accumulation and cannabinoid yield and a novel classification method for canopy architecture was developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
THC Exposure is Reflected in the Microstructure of the Cerebral Cortex and Amygdala of Young Adults.
TL;DR: Strong associations are reported between biospecimen-defined THC exposure and microstructure parameters in discrete gray matter brain areas, including frontoinsular cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the lateral amygdala subfields, with independent effects in behavioral measures of memory performance, negative intrusive thinking, and paternal substance abuse.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution, genetics and biochemistry of plant cannabinoid synthesis: a challenge for biotechnology in the years ahead.
TL;DR: In this paper , the intriguing genetics and evolutionary history of phytocannabinoid synthases are discussed, and an increased understanding of Cannabis developmental genetics and morphology are of critical importance to leverage the full potential of PHYCAN synthesis.
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