Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.
Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein,Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Elena Martinez,Suraj Pant,Sumanth Gandra,Simon A. Levin,Herman Goossens,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +10 more
TLDR
It is found that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries, and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030 was up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015.Abstract:
Tracking antibiotic consumption patterns over time and across countries could inform policies to optimize antibiotic prescribing and minimize antibiotic resistance, such as setting and enforcing per capita consumption targets or aiding investments in alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the trends and drivers of antibiotic consumption from 2000 to 2015 in 76 countries and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), increased 65% (21.1–34.8 billion DDDs), and the antibiotic consumption rate increased 39% (11.3–15.7 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day). The increase was driven by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rising consumption was correlated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) growth (P = 0.004). In high-income countries (HICs), although overall consumption increased modestly, DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day fell 4%, and there was no correlation with GDPPC. Of particular concern was the rapid increase in the use of last-resort compounds, both in HICs and LMICs, such as glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, carbapenems, and polymyxins. Projections of global antibiotic consumption in 2030, assuming no policy changes, were up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015. Although antibiotic consumption rates in most LMICs remain lower than in HICs despite higher bacterial disease burden, consumption in LMICs is rapidly converging to rates similar to HICs. Reducing global consumption is critical for reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance, but reduction efforts must balance access limitations in LMICs and take account of local and global resistance patterns.read more
Citations
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A comprehensive review on recent advances toward sequestration of levofloxacin antibiotic from wastewater
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Sensitive and selective molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for doxycycline hyclate determination
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Antimicrobial point prevalence surveys in two Ghanaian hospitals: opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship
Daniel Kwame Afriyie,Israel Abebrese Sefah,Jacqueline Sneddon,William Malcolm,Rachel McKinney,Lesley Cooper,Amanj Kurdi,Brian Godman,R. Andrew Seaton +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, point prevalence studies (PPSs) were conducted in two Ghanaian hospitals to assess the feasibility of conducting PPSs and compare results with other studies in Ghana.
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Antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from chicken droppings in Nairobi, Kenya.
TL;DR: The study reveals presence of beta-lactamase genes and class 1 integrons across Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from droppings of reared chicken, indicating wide distribution of chicken and their fecal waste is likely to increase development of antibiotic resistance.
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Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial prescription in a tertiary hospital in South East Nigeria: A call for improved antibiotic stewardship
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo,Ugochukwu C Madubueze,Cosmas Kenan Onah,Ijeoma Nkem Okedo-Alex,Azuka Stephen Adeke,Ann Versporten,Herman Goossens,Dorothy Igwe-Okomiso,Kingsley C Okeke,Benedict Ndubueze Azuogu,RC Onoh +10 more
TL;DR: Although a majority of antimicrobial prescriptions were made with indications, they were mostly prescribed empirically and the majority of prescriptions were parenteral formulations.
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