Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.
Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein,Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Elena Martinez,Suraj Pant,Sumanth Gandra,Simon A. Levin,Herman Goossens,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +10 more
TLDR
It is found that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries, and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030 was up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015.Abstract:
Tracking antibiotic consumption patterns over time and across countries could inform policies to optimize antibiotic prescribing and minimize antibiotic resistance, such as setting and enforcing per capita consumption targets or aiding investments in alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the trends and drivers of antibiotic consumption from 2000 to 2015 in 76 countries and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), increased 65% (21.1–34.8 billion DDDs), and the antibiotic consumption rate increased 39% (11.3–15.7 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day). The increase was driven by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rising consumption was correlated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) growth (P = 0.004). In high-income countries (HICs), although overall consumption increased modestly, DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day fell 4%, and there was no correlation with GDPPC. Of particular concern was the rapid increase in the use of last-resort compounds, both in HICs and LMICs, such as glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, carbapenems, and polymyxins. Projections of global antibiotic consumption in 2030, assuming no policy changes, were up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015. Although antibiotic consumption rates in most LMICs remain lower than in HICs despite higher bacterial disease burden, consumption in LMICs is rapidly converging to rates similar to HICs. Reducing global consumption is critical for reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance, but reduction efforts must balance access limitations in LMICs and take account of local and global resistance patterns.read more
Citations
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Antibiotic exposure among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative facility-based and household-based surveys
Günther Fink,Günther Fink,Valérie D'Acremont,Valérie D'Acremont,Valérie D'Acremont,Hannah H. Leslie,Jessica Cohen +6 more
TL;DR: Between birth and age 5 years, children in LMICs are prescribed a remarkably high number of antibiotics, and a large proportion of these prescriptions appear to be unnecessary.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remediation of wastewater contaminated by antibiotics. A review
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed recent trends on antibiotic research in water and found that China is the first contributor and the USA has the highest h-index of 104, while the major removal techniques are adsorption, photolysis and photocatalysis, biodegradation, ozonation and electrochemical oxidation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of antibiotics on the human microbiome and consequences for host health
TL;DR: In this review, the adverse effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and thus host health are discussed, and alternative approaches to antibiotic use are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Algae-mediated antibiotic wastewater treatment: A critical review
TL;DR: A review of algae-based technologies and their important role in antibiotic wastewater treatment can be found in this paper , where algae removal mechanisms including bioadsorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation are discussed in detail, with using algae-bacteria consortia for antibiotic treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial Resistance in the Asia Pacific region: a meeting report.
Esabelle Lo Yan Yam,Li Yang Hsu,Eric P.H. Yap,Tsin W. Yeo,Vernon J. Lee,Vernon J. Lee,Joergen Schlundt,May O. Lwin,Direk Limmathurotsakul,Direk Limmathurotsakul,Mark Jit,Mark Jit,Mark Jit,Peter C. Dedon,Peter C. Dedon,Paul Turner,Paul Turner,Annelies Wilder-Smith,Annelies Wilder-Smith,Annelies Wilder-Smith +19 more
TL;DR: A regionally coordinated effort that is target-driven, sustainable and builds on a framework facilitating communication and governance will strengthen the fight against AMR in the Asia Pacific region.
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