Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.
Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein,Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Elena Martinez,Suraj Pant,Sumanth Gandra,Simon A. Levin,Herman Goossens,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +10 more
TLDR
It is found that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries, and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030 was up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015.Abstract:
Tracking antibiotic consumption patterns over time and across countries could inform policies to optimize antibiotic prescribing and minimize antibiotic resistance, such as setting and enforcing per capita consumption targets or aiding investments in alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the trends and drivers of antibiotic consumption from 2000 to 2015 in 76 countries and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), increased 65% (21.1–34.8 billion DDDs), and the antibiotic consumption rate increased 39% (11.3–15.7 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day). The increase was driven by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rising consumption was correlated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) growth (P = 0.004). In high-income countries (HICs), although overall consumption increased modestly, DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day fell 4%, and there was no correlation with GDPPC. Of particular concern was the rapid increase in the use of last-resort compounds, both in HICs and LMICs, such as glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, carbapenems, and polymyxins. Projections of global antibiotic consumption in 2030, assuming no policy changes, were up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015. Although antibiotic consumption rates in most LMICs remain lower than in HICs despite higher bacterial disease burden, consumption in LMICs is rapidly converging to rates similar to HICs. Reducing global consumption is critical for reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance, but reduction efforts must balance access limitations in LMICs and take account of local and global resistance patterns.read more
Citations
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National action to combat AMR: a One-Health approach to assess policy priorities in action plans.
Anju Ogyu,Olivia Sinn Kay Chan,Jasper Littmann,Herbert Pang,Xia Lining,Ping Liu,Nobuaki Matsunaga,Norio Ohmagari,Keiji Fukuda,Didier Wernli +9 more
TL;DR: A quantitative method to analyse AMR policies can help understand countries’ priorities regarding AMR, support the creation of AMR policy database and foster innovative policymaking.
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Intensification of ceftriaxone degradation under UV and solar light irradiation in presence of phosphors based structured catalyst
TL;DR: In this paper, a phosphors-based structured photocatalyst was used for the removal of β-lactam antibiotic from water using a solvent assisted procedure, and the photocatalytic activity tests were carried out in a laboratory scale reactor configuration irradiated by UV or visible lamps.
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Insight into the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the intestinal bacteria of shrimp Penaeus vannamei by culture-dependent and independent approaches.
TL;DR: The Vibrio group was concluded to be the main bacterial pathogen that probably resulted in the shrimp disease, and the plasmid metagenomic that focuses on the mobile genetic elements has great potential on the identification of ARGs in complex environments.
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OUP accepted manuscript
TL;DR: A cross-sectional time-series analysis using a dataset of monthly purchases of antimicrobials (antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals) from August 2014 to August 2020 was performed in this article .
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Comparative fitness analysis of D -cycloserine resistant mutants reveals both fitness-neutral and high-fitness cost genotypes
Dimitrios Evangelopoulos,Gareth A. Prosser,Gareth A. Prosser,Angela Rodgers,Belinda Dagg,Bhagwati Khatri,Mei Mei Ho,Maximiliano G. Gutierrez,Teresa Cortes,Luiz Pedro S. de Carvalho +9 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the ultra-low rate of emergence of resistance mutations is the dominant biological factor delaying the appearance of clinical resistance to this antibiotic.
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