Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.
Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein,Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Elena Martinez,Suraj Pant,Sumanth Gandra,Simon A. Levin,Herman Goossens,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +10 more
TLDR
It is found that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries, and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030 was up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015.Abstract:
Tracking antibiotic consumption patterns over time and across countries could inform policies to optimize antibiotic prescribing and minimize antibiotic resistance, such as setting and enforcing per capita consumption targets or aiding investments in alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the trends and drivers of antibiotic consumption from 2000 to 2015 in 76 countries and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), increased 65% (21.1–34.8 billion DDDs), and the antibiotic consumption rate increased 39% (11.3–15.7 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day). The increase was driven by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rising consumption was correlated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) growth (P = 0.004). In high-income countries (HICs), although overall consumption increased modestly, DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day fell 4%, and there was no correlation with GDPPC. Of particular concern was the rapid increase in the use of last-resort compounds, both in HICs and LMICs, such as glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, carbapenems, and polymyxins. Projections of global antibiotic consumption in 2030, assuming no policy changes, were up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015. Although antibiotic consumption rates in most LMICs remain lower than in HICs despite higher bacterial disease burden, consumption in LMICs is rapidly converging to rates similar to HICs. Reducing global consumption is critical for reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance, but reduction efforts must balance access limitations in LMICs and take account of local and global resistance patterns.read more
Citations
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Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Large-Scale Population of Healthy Individuals and Patients With Varied Diseases.
Qinwei Qiu,Jingjing Wang,Yuhong Yan,Bhaskar Roy,Yang Chen,Xiaoxiao Shang,Tongyi Dou,Lijuan Han +7 more
TL;DR: Overall, this study identifies factors associated with the human gut resistome, including substantial effects of region and heterogeneous effects of disease status, and highlights the value of ARG analysis in disease research and clinical applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrences, transport drivers, and risk assessments of antibiotics in typical oasis surface and groundwater.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the occurrence of thirty-one antibiotics in the surface water and adjacent groundwater in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and found that the total concentrations of detected antibiotics varied from 17.37 to 84.09 ng L-1 and from 16.38 to 277.41 ng L1 in surface and groundwater, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does gonorrhoea screening intensity play a role in the early selection of antimicrobial resistance in men who have sex with men (MSM)? A comparative study of Belgium and the United Kingdom.
TL;DR: The findings for cefixime and ceftriaxone, but not azithromycin are compatible with the hypothesis that screening-intensity could contribute to the emergence of AMR.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic use prior to seeking medical care in patients with persistent fever: a cross-sectional study in four low- and middle-income countries.
Brecht Ingelbeen,Kanika Koirala,Kanika Koirala,Kristien Verdonck,Barbara Barbé,Deby Mukendi,Phe Thong,Sayda El Safi,Lukas Van Duffel,Emmanuel Bottieau,Marianne A B van der Sande,Marianne A B van der Sande,Marleen Boelaert,François Chappuis,Jan Jacobs,Jan Jacobs +15 more
TL;DR: Prevalence and choice of antibiotics before and at study inclusion are described, applying the Access/Watch/Reserve (AWaRe) classification of the WHO List of Essential Medicines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbapenemase Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tunisia: History of Thirteen Years of Challenge.
Olfa Dziri,Olfa Dziri,Raoudha Dziri,Allaaeddin A El Salabi,Allaaeddin A El Salabi,Chedly Chouchani,Chedly Chouchani +6 more
TL;DR: The Tunisian experience in the challenge against carbapenem resistance is described and uncovered, showing that the majority of the research reports focused in the north and the coastal cities in spite of the fact that KPC and IMP carbapanemases were uncommonly detected in this country.
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