Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.
Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein,Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Elena Martinez,Suraj Pant,Sumanth Gandra,Simon A. Levin,Herman Goossens,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +10 more
TLDR
It is found that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries, and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030 was up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015.Abstract:
Tracking antibiotic consumption patterns over time and across countries could inform policies to optimize antibiotic prescribing and minimize antibiotic resistance, such as setting and enforcing per capita consumption targets or aiding investments in alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the trends and drivers of antibiotic consumption from 2000 to 2015 in 76 countries and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), increased 65% (21.1–34.8 billion DDDs), and the antibiotic consumption rate increased 39% (11.3–15.7 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day). The increase was driven by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rising consumption was correlated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) growth (P = 0.004). In high-income countries (HICs), although overall consumption increased modestly, DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day fell 4%, and there was no correlation with GDPPC. Of particular concern was the rapid increase in the use of last-resort compounds, both in HICs and LMICs, such as glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, carbapenems, and polymyxins. Projections of global antibiotic consumption in 2030, assuming no policy changes, were up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015. Although antibiotic consumption rates in most LMICs remain lower than in HICs despite higher bacterial disease burden, consumption in LMICs is rapidly converging to rates similar to HICs. Reducing global consumption is critical for reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance, but reduction efforts must balance access limitations in LMICs and take account of local and global resistance patterns.read more
Citations
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Large-scale survey of parental antibiotic use for paediatric upper respiratory tract infections in China: implications for stewardship programmes and national policy.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated parents' decision-making processes with respect to treatment choices and antibiotic use for paediatric URTIs to identify key constructs for effective interventions that target the public.
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Discovery and structure-activity relationships of the quinolinequinones: Promising antimicrobial agents and mode of action evaluation.
Emel Mataracı-Kara,Nilüfer Bayrak,Mahmut Yıldız,Hatice Yıldırım,Berna Ozbek-Celik,Amaç Fatih Tuyun +5 more
TL;DR: The structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the quinolinequinone class of antimicrobials was determined in this paper, which showed that the QQ10 had the best inhibitory activity with the MIC value of 1.22 µmg/L (4 times more potent compared to reference standard Clotrimazole) against Candida albicans.
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Removal of pharmaceutical compounds from synthetic hydrolysed urine using granular activated carbon: Column study and predictive modelling
Abdulaziz Almuntashiri,Ahmad Hosseinzadeh,Umakant Badeti,H.S. Shon,Stefano Freguia,Ugyen Dorji,Sherub Phuntsho +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a fixed-bed column experiments were conducted to obtain breakthrough curves and assess granular activated carbon (GAC) performance in removing five most commonly found pharmaceuticals in the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of generic market entry on antibiotic prescriptions in the United States
Cecilia Birgit Maria Kållberg,Cecilia Birgit Maria Kållberg,Jemma Hudson,Hege Salvesen Blix,Hege Salvesen Blix,Christine Årdal,Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein,Morten Lindbæk,Kevin Outterson,John-Arne Røttingen,John-Arne Røttingen,John-Arne Røttingen,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of generic market entry on antibiotic consumption in the United States was examined by conducting an interrupted time series analysis of the change in the number of prescriptions per month for antibiotics for which at least one generic entered the US market between 2000 and 2012.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting selection for antimicrobial resistance in UK wastewater and aquatic environments: ciprofloxacin poses a significant risk
A Hayes,Laura May Murray,Isobel Catherine Stanton,Lihong Zhang,Jason Snape,William Hugo Gaze,Aimee Kaye Murray +6 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the risk of antibiotic selection occurring in UK wastewater and receiving waters by determining where measured environmental concentration data (n = 8187) for four antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clarithimercin, and erythromycin) collected in England and Wales 2015-2018 (sites n = 67).
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TL;DR: It is explained how, in principle, early warning systems could be established to detect the proximity of some tipping points, and critically evaluate potential policy-relevant tipping elements in the climate system under anthropogenic forcing.
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