Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015.
Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein,Thomas P. Van Boeckel,Elena Martinez,Suraj Pant,Sumanth Gandra,Simon A. Levin,Herman Goossens,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan +10 more
TLDR
It is found that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries, and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030 was up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015.Abstract:
Tracking antibiotic consumption patterns over time and across countries could inform policies to optimize antibiotic prescribing and minimize antibiotic resistance, such as setting and enforcing per capita consumption targets or aiding investments in alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the trends and drivers of antibiotic consumption from 2000 to 2015 in 76 countries and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption, expressed in defined daily doses (DDD), increased 65% (21.1–34.8 billion DDDs), and the antibiotic consumption rate increased 39% (11.3–15.7 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day). The increase was driven by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where rising consumption was correlated with gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) growth (P = 0.004). In high-income countries (HICs), although overall consumption increased modestly, DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day fell 4%, and there was no correlation with GDPPC. Of particular concern was the rapid increase in the use of last-resort compounds, both in HICs and LMICs, such as glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, carbapenems, and polymyxins. Projections of global antibiotic consumption in 2030, assuming no policy changes, were up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015. Although antibiotic consumption rates in most LMICs remain lower than in HICs despite higher bacterial disease burden, consumption in LMICs is rapidly converging to rates similar to HICs. Reducing global consumption is critical for reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance, but reduction efforts must balance access limitations in LMICs and take account of local and global resistance patterns.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics existence intensified bloom of antibiotic resistance in livestock feces transformed by black soldier fly.
Zhimin Xu,Xinyue Wu,Jiexiang Zhang,Ping Cheng,Zhi‐Heng Xu,Wei-min Sun,Yuming Zhong,Yifan Wang,Guo-Hui Yu,Hui Li +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper , red fluorescence-labeled microplastics are observed to be abundantly distributed in BSFs gut, which caused epithelial cell damage along with gut peristalsis and friction, thereby releasing reactive oxygen species and activating the antioxidant enzyme system.
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Socioeconomic Factors Contributing to Antibiotic Resistance in China: A Panel Data Analysis.
TL;DR: The results indicated that GDP per capita was significantly positively correlated with ABR in mainland China and the eastern economic zone; however, significantly positive associations did not exist in the central and western economic zones.
Journal ArticleDOI
Associations between private vaccine and antimicrobial consumption across Indian states, 2009-2017.
Emily Schueller,Arindam Nandi,Jyoti Joshi,Jyoti Joshi,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Eili Y. Klein,Eili Y. Klein +7 more
TL;DR: Results indicate vaccine‐induced longer‐term reductions in antibiotic use in India, similar to findings of studies from other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Book ChapterDOI
Global trends in ARGs measured by HT-qPCR platforms
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes some of the important studies utilizing HT-qPCR technologies for evaluating AMR in different parts of the world, elaborating the key results and essential features in understanding the complex dynamics of AMRIn various environmental matrices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Assessment Models and Database System for Animal-Derived Pathogens.
TL;DR: This paper provides an innovative method for rapid and accurate risk assessment of drug resistance and takes piglets as an example to evaluate the risk and highlight the seriousness of AMR in China.
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