In Planta Expression Screens of Phytophthora infestans RXLR Effectors Reveal Diverse Phenotypes, Including Activation of the Solanum bulbocastanum Disease Resistance Protein Rpi-blb2
Sang-Keun Oh,Sang-Keun Oh,Carolyn A. Young,Minkyoung Lee,Ricardo Oliva,Tolga O. Bozkurt,Liliana M. Cano,Joe Win,Jorunn I. B. Bos,Hsin-Yin Liu,Mireille van Damme,William Morgan,Doil Choi,Edwin A. G. van der Vossen,Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers,Sophien Kamoun,Sophien Kamoun +16 more
TLDR
The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins and it is revealed that 16 of the 62 examined effectors cause phenotypes when expressed inside plant cells, and structure-function experiments indicated that a 34–amino acid region in the C-terminal half of AVRblb2 is sufficient for triggering Rpi-blb 2 hypersensitivity.Abstract:
The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins. To address the challenge of assigning biological functions to computationally predicted effector genes, we combined allele mining with high-throughput in planta expression. We developed a library of 62 infection-ready P. infestans RXLR effector clones, obtained using primer pairs corresponding to 32 genes and assigned activities to several of these genes. This approach revealed that 16 of the 62 examined effectors cause phenotypes when expressed inside plant cells. Besides the well-studied AVR3a effector, two additional effectors, PexRD8 and PexRD3645-1, suppressed the hypersensitive cell death triggered by the elicitin INF1, another secreted protein of P. infestans. One effector, PexRD2, promoted cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants. Finally, two families of effectors induced hypersensitive cell death specifically in the presence of the Solanum bulbocastanum late blight resistance genes Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-blb2, thereby exhibiting the activities expected for Avrblb1 and Avrblb2. The AVRblb2 family was then studied in more detail and found to be highly variable and under diversifying selection in P. infestans. Structure-function experiments indicated that a 34–amino acid region in the C-terminal half of AVRblb2 is sufficient for triggering Rpi-blb2 hypersensitivity and that a single positively selected AVRblb2 residue is critical for recognition by Rpi-blb2.read more
Citations
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Genome evolution following host jumps in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage
Sylvain Raffaele,Rhys A. Farrer,Liliana M. Cano,David J. Studholme,Dan MacLean,Marco Thines,Marco Thines,Rays H. Y. Jiang,Michael C. Zody,Sridhara G. Kunjeti,Nicole M. Donofrio,Blake C. Meyers,Chad Nusbaum,Sophien Kamoun +13 more
TL;DR: A group of papers analyzes pathogen genomes to find the roots of virulence, opportunism, and life-style determinants, demonstrating that dynamic repeat-rich genome compartments underpin accelerated gene evolution following host jumps in this pathogen lineage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding and exploiting late blight resistance in the age of effectors
Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers,Sylvain Raffaele,Jack H. Vossen,Nicolas Champouret,Ricardo Oliva,María Eugenia Segretin,Hendrik Rietman,Liliana M. Cano,Anoma Lokossou,G.J.T. Kessel,Mathieu A. Pel,Sophien Kamoun +11 more
TL;DR: Genome-wide catalogs of P. infestans effectors are available, enabling effectoromics approaches that accelerate R gene cloning and specificity profiling and monitoring effector allelic diversity in pathogen populations can assist in R gene deployment in agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome Analyses of an Aggressive and Invasive Lineage of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen
David E. L. Cooke,Liliana M. Cano,Sylvain Raffaele,R. A. Bain,Louise R. Cooke,Graham J Etherington,Kenneth L. Deahl,Rhys A. Farrer,Eleanor M. Gilroy,Erica M. Goss,Erica M. Goss,Niklaus J. Grünwald,Ingo Hein,Dan MacLean,James W. McNicol,Eva Randall,Ricardo Oliva,Ricardo Oliva,Mathieu A. Pel,David S. Shaw,Julie Squires,Moray Taylor,Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers,Paul R. J. Birch,Alison K. Lees,Sophien Kamoun +25 more
TL;DR: It is shown that isolates of the 13_A2 lineage are among the most aggressive on cultivated potatoes, outcompete other aggressive lineages in the field, and overcome previously effective forms of plant host resistance, illustrating how pathogen population monitoring, combined with genome analysis, informs the management of devastating disease epidemics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional Programming and Functional Interactions within the Phytophthora sojae RXLR Effector Repertoire
Qunqing Wang,Changzhi Han,Adriana O. Ferreira,Xiaoli Yu,Wenwu Ye,Sucheta Tripathy,Shiv D. Kale,Biao Gu,Biao Gu,Yuting Sheng,Yangyang Sui,Xiaoli Wang,Zhengguang Zhang,Baoping Cheng,Suomeng Dong,Weixing Shan,Xiaobo Zheng,Xiaobo Zheng,Daolong Dou,Daolong Dou,Daolong Dou,Brett M. Tyler,Yuanchao Wang,Yuanchao Wang +23 more
TL;DR: A broad functional survey of a large sample of candidate RXLR effectors in the oomycete pathogen of soybean found the most strongly expressed immediate-early effectors could suppress the cell death triggered by several early effectors, and most early effectORS could suppress INF1-triggered cell death, suggesting the two classes of effectors may target different functional branches of the defense response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effectors as Tools in Disease Resistance Breeding Against Biotrophic, Hemibiotrophic, and Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens
TL;DR: An overview of how effector-assisted breeding and deployment is being exploited for various pathosystems is presented.
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