Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2.
Thomas H. C. Sit,Christopher J. Brackman,Sin Ming Ip,Karina W. S. Tam,Pierra Y. T. Law,Esther M. W. To,Veronica Y. T. Yu,Leslie D. Sims,Dominic N.C. Tsang,Daniel K.W. Chu,Ranawaka A.P.M. Perera,Leo L.M. Poon,Malik Peiris +12 more
TLDR
The evidence suggests that two out of 15 dogs from households with confirmed human cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong were asymptomatically infected with SARS-CoV-2 and showed antibody responses to the virus.Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in Wuhan in December 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1,2. In 2003, the closely related SARS-CoV had been detected in domestic cats and a dog3. However, little is known about the susceptibility of domestic pet mammals to SARS-CoV-2. Here, using PCR with reverse transcription, serology, sequencing the viral genome and virus isolation, we show that 2 out of 15 dogs from households with confirmed human cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong were found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in five nasal swabs collected over a 13-day period from a 17-year-old neutered male Pomeranian. A 2.5-year-old male German shepherd was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA on two occasions and virus was isolated from nasal and oral swabs. Antibody responses were detected in both dogs using plaque-reduction-neutralization assays. Viral genetic sequences of viruses from the two dogs were identical to the virus detected in the respective human cases. The dogs remained asymptomatic during quarantine. The evidence suggests that these are instances of human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. It is unclear whether infected dogs can transmit the virus to other animals or back to humans.read more
Citations
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Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
TL;DR: The basic virology of SARS-CoV-2 is described, including genomic characteristics and receptor use, highlighting its key difference from previously known coronaviruses.
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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans.
Bas B. Oude Munnink,Reina S. Sikkema,David F. Nieuwenhuijse,Robert Jan Molenaar,Emmanuelle Munger,Richard Molenkamp,Arco N. van der Spek,Paulien Tolsma,Ariene Rietveld,Miranda Brouwer,Noortje Bouwmeester-Vincken,Frank Harders,Renate Hakze-van der Honing,Marjolein C.A. Wegdam-Blans,Ruth Bouwstra,Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel,Annemiek A. van der Eijk,Francisca C. Velkers,Lidwien A.M. Smit,Arjan Stegeman,Wim H.M. van der Poel,Marion Koopmans +21 more
TL;DR: The SARS-CoV-2 virus was initially introduced by humans and has since evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period, several weeks before detection.
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Insights into SARS-CoV-2 genome, structure, evolution, pathogenesis and therapies: Structural genomics approach.
Ahmad Abu Turab Naqvi,Kisa Fatima,Taj Mohammad,Urooj Fatima,Indrakant K. Singh,Archana Singh,Shaikh M. Atif,Gururao Hariprasad,Gulam Mustafa Hasan,Imtaiyaz Hassan +9 more
TL;DR: The analysis suggests a minimal variation in the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, may be responsible for a drastic change in the structures of target proteins, makes available drugs ineffective.
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SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, the Netherlands, April and May 2020.
Nadia Oreshkova,Robert Jan Molenaar,Sandra Vreman,Frank Harders,Bas B. Oude Munnink,Renate Hakze-van der Honing,Nora M. Gerhards,Paulien Tolsma,Ruth Bouwstra,Reina S. Sikkema,Mirriam G.J. Tacken,Myrna M.T. de Rooij,Eefke Weesendorp,Marc Y. Engelsma,Christianne Bruschke,Lidwien A.M. Smit,Marion Koopmans,Wim H.M. van der Poel,Arjan Stegeman +18 more
TL;DR: Variations in mink-derived viral genomes showed between-mink transmission and no infection link between the farms, and inhalable dust contained viral RNA, indicating possible exposure of workers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors.
TL;DR: This review summarizes current knowledge about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and suggests evidence-based policies and practices should incorporate the accumulating knowledge to help educate the public and slow spread of this virus.
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