Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis
Stuart L. James,Christopher J. Adams,Carsten Bolm,Dario Braga,Paul Collier,Tomislav Friščić,Fabrizia Grepioni,Kenneth D. M. Harris,Geoff Hyett,William Jones,Anke Krebs,James Mack,Lucia Maini,A. Guy Orpen,Ivan P. Parkin,William C. Shearouse,Jonathan W. Steed,Daniel C. Waddell +17 more
TLDR
Concentrating on recent advances, this article covers industrial aspects, inorganic materials, organic synthesis, cocrystallisation, pharmaceutical aspects, metal complexes, supramolecular aspects and characterization methods.Abstract:
The aim of this critical review is to provide a broad but digestible overview of mechanochemical synthesis, i.e. reactions conducted by grinding solid reactants together with no or minimal solvent. Although mechanochemistry has historically been a sideline approach to synthesis it may soon move into the mainstream because it is increasingly apparent that it can be practical, and even advantageous, and because of the opportunities it provides for developing more sustainable methods. Concentrating on recent advances, this article covers industrial aspects, inorganic materials, organic synthesis, cocrystallisation, pharmaceutical aspects, metal complexes (including metal–organic frameworks), supramolecular aspects and characterization methods. The historical development, mechanistic aspects, limitations and opportunities are also discussed (314 references).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Activation of Carbon‐Rich π‐Conjugated Materials
TL;DR: This review summarizes the recent advances in this research field combining the viewpoints of polymer and trituration mechanochemistry, and highlighted mechanochemical transformations include π‐conjugated materials as optical force probes, the force‐induced release of small dye molecules, and the mechanochemical synthesis of polyacetylene, carbon allotropic materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review on Production and Surface Modifications of Biochar Materials via Biomass Pyrolysis Process for Supercapacitor Applications
TL;DR: In this paper , a detailed review of surface modification methods and the application of modified biochar to be used for the synthesis of electrodes for supercapacitors is presented, and the effect of those activation methods on physicochemical and electrical properties is critically presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bmim(OH)/chitosan/C2H5OH synergy: grinding induced, a new route for the synthesis of spiro-oxindole and its derivatives
TL;DR: In this article, a synthetic strategy based on the synergistic effect of a catalyst system incorporating Bmim(OH), chitosan and C2H5OH is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vapour-induced solid-state C–H bond activation for the clean synthesis of an organopalladium biothiol sensor
TL;DR: Room-temperature accelerated aging in the solid state has been applied for atom- and energy-efficient activation of either one or two C-H bonds of azobenzene and methyl orange by palladium(ii) acetate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanochemical Magnesium-Mediated Minisci C-H Alkylation of Pyrimidines with Alkyl Bromides and Chlorides.
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanochemical magnesium-mediated Minisci reaction of pyrimidine derivatives and alkyl halides has been used to synthesize 4-alkylpyrimidines with mild conditions with no requirement of transition-metal catalysts, solvents, and inert gas protection.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures
TL;DR: In this paper, a structure refinement method was described which does not use integrated neutron powder intensities, single or overlapping, but employs directly the profile intensities obtained from step-scanning measurements of the powder diagram.
Journal ArticleDOI
A chemically functionalizable nanoporous material (Cu3(TMA)2(H2O)3)n
TL;DR: In this paper, a highly porous metal coordination polymer [Cu3(TMA)2(H2O)3]n (where TMA is benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) was formed in 80 percent yield.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry†
Rafael Chinchilla,Carmen Nájera +1 more
TL;DR: Transition-Metal-Free Reactions, Alkynylation of Heterocycles, and Synthesis of Electronic and Electrooptical Molecules: A Review.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asymmetric enamine catalysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rietveld refinement guidelines
TL;DR: A set of general guidelines for structure refinement using the Rietveld (whole profile) method has been formulated by the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Powder Diffraction.