Multiple functions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its relevance in cardiovascular diseases.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This review summarizes and discusses the structure and multiple functions of ACE2 and the relevance of this key enzyme in disease pathogenesis.Abstract:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, and functions as the key SARS coronavirus receptor and stabilizer of neutral amino acid transporters. ACE2 catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, thereby counterbalancing ACE activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that the enzymatic activity of ACE2 has a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. Loss of ACE2 can be detrimental, as it leads to functional deterioration of the heart and progression of cardiac, renal, and vascular pathologies. Recombinant soluble human ACE2 protein has been demonstrated to exhibit beneficial effects in various animal models, including cardiovascular diseases. ACE2 is a multifunctional enzyme and thus potentially acts on other vasoactive peptides, such as Apelin, a vital regulator of blood pressure and myocardium contractility. In addition, ACE2 is structurally a chimeric protein that has emerged from the duplication of 2 genes: homology with ACE at the carboxypeptidase domain and homology with Collectrin in the transmembrane C-terminal domain. ACE2 has been implicated in the pathology of Hartnup's disease, a disorder of amino acid homeostasis, and, via its function in amino acid transport, it has been recently revealed that ACE2 controls intestinal inflammation and diarrhea, thus regulating the gut microbiome. This review summarizes and discusses the structure and multiple functions of ACE2 and the relevance of this key enzyme in disease pathogenesis.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurological injuries in COVID-19 patients: direct viral invasion or a bystander injury after infection of epithelial/endothelial cells.
TL;DR: It appears that most of neurologic complications in COVID-19 patients are indirect and as a result of a bystander injury to neurons, indicating no clear evidence that coronaviruses cause inflammatory neuromuscular diseases via direct invasion of peripheral nerves or muscles or via molecular mimicry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Computational Design of 25-mer Peptide Binders of SARS-CoV-2.
TL;DR: This study developed an approach to design SARS-CoV-2-RBD peptide binders, and five designed peptides have better predicted binding affinities, by the MM-GBSA method, than SPB25 and SBP1.
Journal ArticleDOI
ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19.
TL;DR: The transcriptional regulation of muscle ACE2 by drugs or exercise is introduced, the potential role of ACE2 in the development of COVID-19 is discussed, and the potential association of sarcopenia with ACE2 and the associated molecules outside of RAS is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Expert Consensus on Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgical Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Yi He,Jinfeng Wei,Jinjun Bian,Kefang Guo,Jiakai Lu,Wei Mei,Jun Ma,Zhongyuan Xia,Meiying Xu,Fuxia Yan,Chunhua Yu,E. Wang,Weijian Wang,Ni Zeng,Sheng Wang,Junmei Xu,Yuguang Huang,Jiapeng Huang +17 more
TL;DR: The authors provide anesthesia management guidelines for cardiovascular surgery along with the prevention and control of COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2: is there neuroinvasion?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, ACE2 distribution and beneficial effects, the CNS vascular barriers, possible mechanisms by which the virus enters the brain, outlined prior health conditions (obesity, hypertension and diabetes), neurological COVID19 manifestation and the aging cerebrovascualture.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus.
Wenhui Li,Michael Moore,Natalya Vasilieva,Jianhua Sui,Swee Kee Wong,Michael A. Berne,Mohan Somasundaran,John L. Sullivan,Katherine Luzuriaga,Thomas C. Greenough,Hyeryun Choe,Michael Farzan +11 more
TL;DR: It is found that a soluble form of ACE2, but not of the related enzyme ACE1, blocked association of the S1 domain with Vero E6 cells, indicating that ACE2 is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV.
Journal ArticleDOI
A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury
Keiji Kuba,Yumiko Imai,Shuan Rao,Hong Gao,Feng Guo,Bin Guan,Yi Huan,Peng Yang,Yanli Zhang,Wei Deng,Linlin Bao,Binlin Zhang,Guang Liu,Zhong Wang,Mark C. Chappell,Yanxin Liu,Dexian Zheng,Andreas Leibbrandt,Teiji Wada,Arthur S. Slutsky,Depei Liu,Chuan Qin,Chengyu Jiang,Josef M. Penninger +23 more
TL;DR: A molecular explanation why SARS-CoV infections cause severe and often lethal lung failure and suggest a rational therapy for SARS and possibly other respiratory disease viruses is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme–Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9
Mary Donoghue,Frank Y. Hsieh,Elizabeth Baronas,Kevin Godbout,Michael Gosselin,Nancy E. Stagliano,Michael J. Donovan,Betty Woolf,Keith E. Robison,Raju Jeyaseelan,Roger E. Breitbart,Susan L. Acton +11 more
TL;DR: The organ- and cell-specific expression of ACE2 and its unique cleavage of key vasoactive peptides suggest an essential role for ACE2 in the local renin-angiotensin system of the heart and kidney.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Paul A. Rota,M. Steven Oberste,Stephan S. Monroe,W. Allan Nix,Ray Campagnoli,Joseph P. Icenogle,Silvia Peñaranda,Bettina Bankamp,Kaija Maher,Min hsin Chen,Suxiong Tong,Azaibi Tamin,Luis Lowe,Michael Frace,Joseph L. DeRisi,Qi Chen,David Wang,Dean D. Erdman,Teresa C. T. Peret,Cara C. Burns,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Pierre E. Rollin,Anthony Sanchez,Stephanie L. Liffick,Brian P. Holloway,Josef Limor,Karen A. McCaustland,Mellissa Olsen-Rasmussen,Ron A. M. Fouchier,Stephan Günther,Albert Osterhaus,Christian Drosten,Mark A. Pallansch,Larry J. Anderson,William J. Bellini +34 more
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons showed that SARS-CoV is not closelyrelated to any of the previouslycharacterized coronaviruses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure
Yumiko Imai,Keiji Kuba,Shuan Rao,Yi Huan,Feng Guo,Bin Guan,Peng Yang,Renu Sarao,Teiji Wada,Howard Leong-Poi,Michael A. Crackower,Akiyoshi Fukamizu,Chi-chung Hui,Lutz Hein,Stefan Uhlig,Arthur S. Slutsky,Chengyu Jiang,Josef M. Penninger +17 more
TL;DR: It is reported that ACE2 and the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) protect mice from severe acute lung injury induced by acid aspiration or sepsis, pointing to a possible therapy for a syndrome affecting millions of people worldwide every year.
Related Papers (5)
A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Chaolin Huang,Yeming Wang,Xingwang Li,Lili Ren,Jianping Zhao,Yi Hu,Li Zhang,Guohui Fan,Jiuyang Xu,Xiaoying Gu,Zhenshun Cheng,Ting Yu,Jia'an Xia,Yuan Wei,Wenjuan Wu,Xuelei Xie,Wen Yin,Li Hui,Min Liu,Yan Xiao,Hong Gao,Li Guo,Jungang Xie,Guang-Fa Wang,Rongmeng Jiang,Zhancheng Gao,Qi Jin,Jianwei Wang,Bin Cao +28 more