Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism
Tohru Kitada,Shuichi Asakawa,Nobutaka Hattori,Hiroto Matsumine,Yasuhiro Yamamura,Shinsei Minoshima,Masayuki Yokochi,Yoshikuni Mizuno,Nobuyoshi Shimizu +8 more
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TLDR
Mutations in the newly identified gene appear to be responsible for the pathogenesis of Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, and the protein product is named ‘Parkin’.Abstract:
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with complex clinical features1. Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP)2,3 maps to the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q25.2-q27) and is linked strongly to the markers D6S305 and D6S253 (ref. 4); the former is deleted in one Japanese AR-JP patient5. By positional cloning within this microdeletion, we have now isolated a complementary DNA clone of 2,960 base pairs with a 1,395-base-pair open reading frame, encoding a protein of 465 amino acids with moderate similarity to ubiquitin at the amino terminus and a RING-finger motif at the carboxy terminus. The gene spans more than 500 kilobases and has 12 exons, five of which (exons 3–7) are deleted in the patient. Four other AR-JP patients from three unrelated families have a deletion affecting exon 4 alone. A 4.5-kilobase transcript that is expressed in many human tissues but is abundant in the brain, including the substantia nigra, is shorter in brain tissue from one of the groups of exon-4-deleted patients. Mutations in the newly identified gene appear to be responsible for the pathogenesis of AR-JP, and we have therefore named the protein product ‘Parkin’.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease
R. Lee Mosley,Eric J. Benner,Irena Kadiu,Mark P. Thomas,Michael D. Boska,Khader M. Hasan,Chad Laurie,Howard E. Gendelman +7 more
TL;DR: Research from others and their own laboratories seek to harness such inflammatory processes with the singular goal of developing therapeutic interventions that positively affect the tempo and progression of human disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial homeostasis: the interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis
TL;DR: Recent studies that highlight the intricate interplay between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are reviewed, mainly focusing on the molecular mechanisms that govern the coordination of these processes and their involvement in age-related pathologies and ageing.
Journal ArticleDOI
PINK1 is necessary for long term survival and mitochondrial function in human dopaminergic neurons.
Alison Wood-Kaczmar,Sonia Gandhi,Zhi Yao,Andrey Y. Abramov,Erik Miljan,Gregory Keen,Lee Stanyer,Iain P. Hargreaves,Kristina Klupsch,Emma Deas,Julian Downward,Louise Mansfield,Parmjit S. Jat,Joanne Taylor,Simon J.R. Heales,Michael R. Duchen,David S. Latchman,Sarah J. Tabrizi,Nicholas W. Wood +18 more
TL;DR: It is reported that PINK1 plays a neuroprotective role in the mitochondria of mammalian neurons, especially against stress such as staurosporine, and evidence that cellular compensatory mechanisms such as mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulation of lysosomal degradation pathways occur in Pink1 deficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
PINK1 protein in normal human brain and Parkinson's disease
Sonia Gandhi,Miratul M. K. Muqit,Lee Stanyer,Daniel G. Healy,Patrick M. Abou-Sleiman,Iain P. Hargreaves,Simon J.R. Heales,M Ganguly,L Parsons,A J Lees,David S. Latchman,Janice L. Holton,Nicholas W. Wood,Tamas Revesz +13 more
TL;DR: In vivo morphological and biochemical evidence is provided for the first time to support a mitochondrial localization of PINK1 and underpin the significance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of inheritance in sporadic Parkinson's disease: evidence from a longitudinal study of dopaminergic function in twins.
Paola Piccini,David J. Burn,Roberto Ceravolo,Demetrius M. Maraganore,D. J. Brooks,D. J. Brooks +5 more
TL;DR: A substantial role for inheritance in sporadic PD is suggested in twin pairs at baseline clinically discordant for PD and the combined concordance levels for subclinical dopaminergic dysfunction and clinical PD were 75% in the 12 monozygotic and 22%, in the 9 dizygotic twin pairs evaluated twice.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: Molecular Cloning has served as the foundation of technical expertise in labs worldwide for 30 years as mentioned in this paper and has been so popular, or so influential, that no other manual has been more widely used and influential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutation in the α-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease
Mihael H. Polymeropoulos,Christian Lavedan,Elisabeth Leroy,Susan E. Ide,Anindya Dehejia,Amalia Dutra,Brian L. Pike,Holly Root,Jeffrey Rubenstein,Rebecca Boyer,Edward S. Stenroos,Settara C. Chandrasekharappa,Aglaia Athanassiadou,Theodore Papapetropoulos,William G. Johnson,Alice Lazzarini,Roger C. Duvoisin,Giuseppe Di Iorio,Lawrence I. Golbe,Robert L. Nussbaum +19 more
TL;DR: A mutation was identified in the α-synuclein gene, which codes for a presynaptic protein thought to be involved in neuronal plasticity, in the Italian kindred and in three unrelated families of Greek origin with autosomal dominant inheritance for the PD phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies.
Maria Grazia Spillantini,Marie L. Schmidt,Virginia M.-Y. Lee,John Q. Trojanowski,Ross Jakes,Michel Goedert +5 more
TL;DR: Strong staining of Lewy bodies from idiopathic Parkinson's disease with antibodies for α-synuclein, a presynaptic protein of unknown function which is mutated in some familial cases of the disease, indicates that the LewY bodies from these two diseases may have identical compositions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: Results indicated a specific defect of Complex I activity in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease, which adds further support to the proposition that Parkinson’s disease may be due to an environmental toxin with action(s) similar to those of MPTP.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway
TL;DR: Two studies clearly demonstrate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved not only in complete destruction of its protein substrates, but also in limited proteolysis and posttranslational processing in which biologically active peptides or fragments are generated.
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