Journal ArticleDOI
Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism
Tohru Kitada,Shuichi Asakawa,Nobutaka Hattori,Hiroto Matsumine,Yasuhiro Yamamura,Shinsei Minoshima,Masayuki Yokochi,Yoshikuni Mizuno,Nobuyoshi Shimizu +8 more
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TLDR
Mutations in the newly identified gene appear to be responsible for the pathogenesis of Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, and the protein product is named ‘Parkin’.Abstract:
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with complex clinical features1. Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP)2,3 maps to the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q25.2-q27) and is linked strongly to the markers D6S305 and D6S253 (ref. 4); the former is deleted in one Japanese AR-JP patient5. By positional cloning within this microdeletion, we have now isolated a complementary DNA clone of 2,960 base pairs with a 1,395-base-pair open reading frame, encoding a protein of 465 amino acids with moderate similarity to ubiquitin at the amino terminus and a RING-finger motif at the carboxy terminus. The gene spans more than 500 kilobases and has 12 exons, five of which (exons 3–7) are deleted in the patient. Four other AR-JP patients from three unrelated families have a deletion affecting exon 4 alone. A 4.5-kilobase transcript that is expressed in many human tissues but is abundant in the brain, including the substantia nigra, is shorter in brain tissue from one of the groups of exon-4-deleted patients. Mutations in the newly identified gene appear to be responsible for the pathogenesis of AR-JP, and we have therefore named the protein product ‘Parkin’.read more
Citations
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Biological Functions of Autophagy Genes: A Disease Perspective
Beth Levine,Guido Kroemer +1 more
TL;DR: The biological functions of autophagy genes are discussed from the perspective of understanding-and potentially reversing-the pathophysiology of human disease and aging.
Journal ArticleDOI
α-Synuclein Is Degraded by Both Autophagy and the Proteasome *
TL;DR: It was found that not only is α-synuclein degraded by the proteasome, but it is also degraded by autophagy, which merits consideration as a potential therapeutic for Parkinsons disease, as it is designed for chronic use in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association between Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease and Mutations in the Parkin Gene
C. B. Lücking,Alexandra Durr,Bonifati,J. R. Vaughan,G. De Michele,Thomas Gasser,Biswadjiet S. Harhangi,Giuseppe Meco,Patrice Denefle,Nicholas W. Wood,Yves Agid,Alexis Brice,French Parkinsons Dis Genetics Stu +12 more
TL;DR: Mutations in the parkin gene are a major cause of early-onset autosomal recessive familial Parkinson's disease and isolated juvenile-ONSet Parkinson's Disease and accurate diagnosis of these cases cannot be based only on the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy in mammalian development and differentiation
Noboru Mizushima,Beth Levine +1 more
TL;DR: The analyses of systemic and tissue-specific knockout models of ATG genes in mice has led to an explosion of knowledge about the functions of autophagy in mammalian development and differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autism genome-wide copy number variation reveals ubiquitin and neuronal genes
Joseph T. Glessner,Kai Wang,Guiqing Cai,Olena Korvatska,Cecilia E. Kim,Shawn Wood,Haitao Zhang,Annette Estes,Camille W. Brune,Jonathan P. Bradfield,Marcin Imielinski,Edward C. Frackelton,Jennifer Reichert,Emily L. Crawford,Jeffrey Munson,Patrick M. A. Sleiman,Rosetta M. Chiavacci,Kiran Annaiah,Kelly A. Thomas,Cuiping Hou,Wendy Glaberson,James H. Flory,Frederick G. Otieno,Maria Garris,Latha Soorya,Lambertus Klei,Joseph Piven,Kacie J. Meyer,Evdokia Anagnostou,Takeshi Sakurai,Rachel M. Game,Danielle S. Rudd,Danielle Zurawiecki,Christopher J. McDougle,Lea K. Davis,Judith Miller,David J. Posey,Shana M. Michaels,Alexander Kolevzon,Jeremy M. Silverman,Raphael Bernier,Susan E. Levy,Robert T. Schultz,Geraldine Dawson,Thomas Owley,William M. McMahon,Thomas H. Wassink,John A. Sweeney,John I. Nurnberger,Hilary Coon,James S. Sutcliffe,Nancy J. Minshew,Struan F.A. Grant,Maja Bucan,Edwin H. Cook,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Bernie Devlin,Gerard D. Schellenberg,Hakon Hakonarson +58 more
TL;DR: Several new susceptibility genes encoding neuronal cell-adhesion molecules, including NLGN1 and ASTN2, were enriched with CNVs in ASD cases compared to controls, and duplications 55 kilobases upstream of complementary DNA AK123120 indicate that these two important gene networks expressed within the central nervous system may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of ASD.
References
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Book
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
TL;DR: Molecular Cloning has served as the foundation of technical expertise in labs worldwide for 30 years as mentioned in this paper and has been so popular, or so influential, that no other manual has been more widely used and influential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutation in the α-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease
Mihael H. Polymeropoulos,Christian Lavedan,Elisabeth Leroy,Susan E. Ide,Anindya Dehejia,Amalia Dutra,Brian L. Pike,Holly Root,Jeffrey Rubenstein,Rebecca Boyer,Edward S. Stenroos,Settara C. Chandrasekharappa,Aglaia Athanassiadou,Theodore Papapetropoulos,William G. Johnson,Alice Lazzarini,Roger C. Duvoisin,Giuseppe Di Iorio,Lawrence I. Golbe,Robert L. Nussbaum +19 more
TL;DR: A mutation was identified in the α-synuclein gene, which codes for a presynaptic protein thought to be involved in neuronal plasticity, in the Italian kindred and in three unrelated families of Greek origin with autosomal dominant inheritance for the PD phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies.
Maria Grazia Spillantini,Marie L. Schmidt,Virginia M.-Y. Lee,John Q. Trojanowski,Ross Jakes,Michel Goedert +5 more
TL;DR: Strong staining of Lewy bodies from idiopathic Parkinson's disease with antibodies for α-synuclein, a presynaptic protein of unknown function which is mutated in some familial cases of the disease, indicates that the LewY bodies from these two diseases may have identical compositions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: Results indicated a specific defect of Complex I activity in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease, which adds further support to the proposition that Parkinson’s disease may be due to an environmental toxin with action(s) similar to those of MPTP.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway
TL;DR: Two studies clearly demonstrate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved not only in complete destruction of its protein substrates, but also in limited proteolysis and posttranslational processing in which biologically active peptides or fragments are generated.
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