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Journal ArticleDOI

Return to homeostasis: downregulation of NF-κB responses

Jürgen Ruland
- 01 Aug 2011 - 
- Vol. 12, Iss: 8, pp 709-714
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TLDR
This review highlights key negative regulatory principles that affect the amount, localization or conformational properties of NF-κB-activating proteins to attenuate the NF-kB response to prevent inflammation, autoimmune disease and oncogenesis.
Abstract
Activation of NF-κB transcription factors by receptors of the innate or adaptive immune system is essential for host defense. However, after danger is eliminated, NF-κB signaling needs to be tightly downregulated for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. This review highlights key negative regulatory principles that affect the amount, localization or conformational properties of NF-κB-activating proteins to attenuate the NF-κB response. These mechanisms are needed to prevent inflammation, autoimmune disease and oncogenesis.

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Citations
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NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age

TL;DR: How the initial discovery of a role for NF-κB in linking inflammation and cancer led to an improved understanding of tumour-elicited inflammation and its effects on anticancer immunity is discussed.
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Inflammation meets cancer, with NF-κB as the matchmaker

TL;DR: Although it seems to fulfill a distinctly tumor-promoting role in many types of cancer, NF-κB has a confounding role in certain tumors.
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A Cytoplasmic NF-κB Interacting Long Noncoding RNA Blocks IκB Phosphorylation and Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis

TL;DR: This work identifies an NF-KappaB Interacting LncRNA (NKILA), which is upregulated by NF-κB, binds to NF-σκB/IκBs, and directly masks phosphorylation motifs of IKKB, thereby inhibiting IKK-induced IκBosphorylation and NF-kkB activation.
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Regulation of NF-κB by TNF family cytokines.

TL;DR: The authors explored general mechanisms of TNF cytokine signaling, with a focus on the upstream signaling events leading to activation of the so-called canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways by TNFR1 and CD40, respectively.
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Curcumin—From Molecule to Biological Function

TL;DR: This Review describes the development of curcumin from a "traditional" spice and food coloring to a "modern" biological regulator.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 is required for termination of Toll-like receptor responses.

TL;DR: A20 was required for the termination of Toll-like receptor–induced activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages, and this function protected mice from endotoxic shock, indicating that A20 is also critical for the regulation of TNF-independent signals in vivo.
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MicroRNAs: new regulators of immune cell development and function.

TL;DR: Much of the work which has so far only scratched the surface of this very fertile field of investigation is brought together, and the results illuminate many historic questions about hematopoiesis and immune function.
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Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-κB in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that NF-κB activation in DLBCL is caused by genetic lesions affecting multiple genes, the loss or activation of which may promote lymphomagenesis by leading to abnormally prolonged NF-σκB responses.
Journal ArticleDOI

The tumour suppressor CYLD negatively regulates NF-kappaB signalling by deubiquitination.

TL;DR: CYLD, a tumour suppressor that is mutated in familial cylindromatosis, interacts with NEMO, the regulatory subunit of IKK, strengthening the notion that ubiquitination is involved in IKK activation by TRAFs and suggesting that CYLD functions in this process.
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