Journal ArticleDOI
Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
TLDR
In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems, which eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems. This eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators. By targeting many genes, corticosteroids function in a binary fashion, and serve as a master switch in the control of neuronal and network responses that underlie behavioural adaptation. In genetically predisposed individuals, an imbalance in this binary control mechanism can introduce a bias towards stress-related brain disease after adverse experiences. New candidate susceptibility genes that serve as markers for the prediction of vulnerable phenotypes are now being identified.read more
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Acute stress increases depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the rat prefrontal/frontal cortex: the dampening action of antidepressants.
Laura Musazzi,Marco Milanese,Pasqualina Farisello,Simona Zappettini,Daniela Tardito,V.S. Barbiero,Tiziana Bonifacino,Alessandra Mallei,Pietro Baldelli,Giorgio Racagni,Maurizio Raiteri,Fabio Benfenati,Giambattista Bonanno,Maurizio Popoli +13 more
TL;DR: Patch-clamp recordings of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex revealed that stress increased glutamatergic transmission through both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms, and that antidepressants may normalize it by reducing release probability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation, glutamate, and glia in depression: a literature review.
TL;DR: An overview of how inflammation and glutamate dysfunction contribute to the pathophysiology of depression is provided and microglia activated by excess inflammation, astroglial loss, and inappropriate glutamate receptor activation ultimately disrupt the delicate balance of neuroprotective versus neurotoxic effects in the brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Neurons Mediate Anxiogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of CRHR1
Damian Refojo,Martin C. Schweizer,Claudia Kuehne,Stefanie Ehrenberg,Christoph K. Thoeringer,Annette M. Vogl,Nina Dedic,Marion Schumacher,Gregor von Wolff,Charilaos Avrabos,Chadi Touma,David Engblom,Günther Schütz,Klaus-Armin Nave,Matthias Eder,Carsten T. Wotjak,Inge Sillaber,Florian Holsboer,Wolfgang Wurst,Jan M. Deussing +19 more
TL;DR: A bidirectional model for the role of CRHR1 in anxiety is defined and it is suggested that an imbalance betweenCRHR1-controlled anxiogenic glutamatergic and anxiolytic dopaminergic systems might lead to emotional disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adolescent Stress–Induced Epigenetic Control of Dopaminergic Neurons via Glucocorticoids
Minae Niwa,Minae Niwa,Minae Niwa,Hanna Jaaro-Peled,Stephanie Tankou,Saurav Seshadri,Takatoshi Hikida,Takatoshi Hikida,Yurie Matsumoto,Yurie Matsumoto,Nicola G. Cascella,Shin Ichi Kano,Norio Ozaki,Toshitaka Nabeshima,Akira Sawa +14 more
TL;DR: An underlying mechanism in which glucocorticoids link adolescent stressors to epigenetic controls in neurons is described, in which a mild isolation stress affects the mesocortical projection of dopaminergic neurons in which DNA hypermethylation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene is elicited, but only when combined with a relevant genetic risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adolescence: a central event in shaping stress reactivity.
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent findings regarding the pubertal maturation of stress reactivity, while also highlighting future research directions that will aid in the understanding of stress and adolescent mental health and development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene
Avshalom Caspi,Karen Sugden,Terrie E. Moffitt,Alan Taylor,Ian W. Craig,Hona Lee Harrington,Joseph L. McClay,Jonathan Mill,Judy Martin,Antony W. Braithwaite,Richie Poulton +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction is provided, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup.
Journal ArticleDOI
How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
TL;DR: This review considers recent findings regarding GC action and generates criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior.
Ian C. G. Weaver,Nadia Cervoni,Frances A. Champagne,Ana C. D'Alessio,Shakti Sharma,Jonathan R. Seckl,Sergiy Dymov,Moshe Szyf,Michael J. Meaney +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that an epigenomic state of a gene can be established through behavioral programming, and it is potentially reversible, suggesting a causal relation among epigenomicState, GR expression and the maternal effect on stress responses in the offspring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Requirement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis for the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants
Luca Santarelli,Michael Saxe,Cornelius Gross,Alexandre Surget,Fortunato Battaglia,Stephanie C. Dulawa,Noelia V. Weisstaub,James T. Lee,Ronald S. Duman,Ottavio Arancio,Catherine Belzung,René Hen +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that disrupting antidepressant-induced neurogenesis blocks behavioral responses to antidepressants, suggesting that the behavioral effects of chronic antidepressants may be mediated by the stimulation of neuroGenesis in the hippocampus.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Syndrome produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents
TL;DR: If the organism is severely damaged by acute non-specific nocuous agents such as exposure to cold, surgical injury, production of spinal shock, excessive muscular exercise, or intoxications with sublethal doses of diverse drugs, a typical syndrome appears, the symptoms of which are independent of the nature of the damaging agent or the pharmacological type of the drug employed.