Journal ArticleDOI
Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
TLDR
In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems, which eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems. This eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators. By targeting many genes, corticosteroids function in a binary fashion, and serve as a master switch in the control of neuronal and network responses that underlie behavioural adaptation. In genetically predisposed individuals, an imbalance in this binary control mechanism can introduce a bias towards stress-related brain disease after adverse experiences. New candidate susceptibility genes that serve as markers for the prediction of vulnerable phenotypes are now being identified.read more
Citations
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Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene region modulate recovery from psychosocial stress in healthy controls.
Marcus Ising,Anna-Mareike Depping,Anna Siebertz,Susanne Lucae,Paul G. Unschuld,Stefan Kloiber,S. Horstmann,Manfred Uhr,Bertram Müller-Myhsok,Florian Holsboer +9 more
TL;DR: This reaction pattern suggests that subjects carrying FKBP5 variants are at risk of displaying chronically elevated cortisol levels after repeated stress constituting a risk factor for stress‐related diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paternal Transmission of Stress-Induced Pathologies
David M. Dietz,Quincey LaPlant,Emily L. Watts,Georgia E. Hodes,Scott J. Russo,Jian Feng,Ronald S. Oosting,Vincent Vialou,Eric J. Nestler +8 more
TL;DR: Although behavioral adaptations that occur after chronic social defeat stress can be transmitted from the father to his male and female F1 progeny, only very subtle changes might be transmitted epigenetically under the conditions tested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polymorphisms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene and Major Depression
Elisabeth F.C. van Rossum,Elisabeth B. Binder,M. Majer,Jan W. Koper,Marcus Ising,Sieglinde Modell,Daria Salyakina,Steven W. J. Lamberts,Florian Holsboer +8 more
TL;DR: Findings support the notion that variants of the GR gene might play a role in the pathophysiology of a major depression and can contribute to the variability of antidepressant response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic Mechanisms for the Early Environmental Regulation of Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Expression in Rodents and Humans
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed suggesting that parental influences establish stable phenotypic variation in the offspring through effects on intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the epigenetic state and function of specific regions of the genome and new findings reveal associated histone post-translational modifications of a critical GR promoter in rat hippocampus.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Social Engagement on Incident Dementia The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Jane S. Saczynski,Lisa A. Pfeifer,Kamal Masaki,Esther S.C. Korf,Danielle Laurin,Lon R. White,Lenore J. Launer +6 more
TL;DR: Although low social engagement in late life is associated with risk of dementia, levels of late-life social engagement may already have been modified by the dementing process and may be associated with prodromal dementia.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene
Avshalom Caspi,Karen Sugden,Terrie E. Moffitt,Alan Taylor,Ian W. Craig,Hona Lee Harrington,Joseph L. McClay,Jonathan Mill,Judy Martin,Antony W. Braithwaite,Richie Poulton +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction is provided, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup.
Journal ArticleDOI
How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
TL;DR: This review considers recent findings regarding GC action and generates criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior.
Ian C. G. Weaver,Nadia Cervoni,Frances A. Champagne,Ana C. D'Alessio,Shakti Sharma,Jonathan R. Seckl,Sergiy Dymov,Moshe Szyf,Michael J. Meaney +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that an epigenomic state of a gene can be established through behavioral programming, and it is potentially reversible, suggesting a causal relation among epigenomicState, GR expression and the maternal effect on stress responses in the offspring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Requirement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis for the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants
Luca Santarelli,Michael Saxe,Cornelius Gross,Alexandre Surget,Fortunato Battaglia,Stephanie C. Dulawa,Noelia V. Weisstaub,James T. Lee,Ronald S. Duman,Ottavio Arancio,Catherine Belzung,René Hen +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that disrupting antidepressant-induced neurogenesis blocks behavioral responses to antidepressants, suggesting that the behavioral effects of chronic antidepressants may be mediated by the stimulation of neuroGenesis in the hippocampus.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Syndrome produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents
TL;DR: If the organism is severely damaged by acute non-specific nocuous agents such as exposure to cold, surgical injury, production of spinal shock, excessive muscular exercise, or intoxications with sublethal doses of diverse drugs, a typical syndrome appears, the symptoms of which are independent of the nature of the damaging agent or the pharmacological type of the drug employed.