Journal ArticleDOI
Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
TLDR
In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems, which eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems. This eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators. By targeting many genes, corticosteroids function in a binary fashion, and serve as a master switch in the control of neuronal and network responses that underlie behavioural adaptation. In genetically predisposed individuals, an imbalance in this binary control mechanism can introduce a bias towards stress-related brain disease after adverse experiences. New candidate susceptibility genes that serve as markers for the prediction of vulnerable phenotypes are now being identified.read more
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Increased vulnerability to psychosocial stress in heterozygous serotonin transporter knockout mice
Alessandro Bartolomucci,Valeria Carola,Tiziana Pascucci,Stefano Puglisi-Allegra,Simona Cabib,Klaus-Peter Lesch,Stefano Parmigiani,Paola Palanza,Cornelius Gross +8 more
TL;DR: A mouse model of the 5-HTT-by-stress risk factor is presented and it is suggested that social avoidance represents a behavioral endophenotype of the interaction between 5- HTT and stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mental health effects of multiple work and family demands. A prospective study of psychiatric sickness absence in the French GAZEL study
Maria Melchior,Maria Melchior,Maria Melchior,Lisa F. Berkman,Isabelle Niedhammer,Isabelle Niedhammer,Marie Zins,Marcel Goldberg,Marcel Goldberg +8 more
TL;DR: Men and women simultaneously exposed to high levels of work stress and family demands are at high risk of experiencing mental health problems, particularly depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acute stress modulates genotype effects on amygdala processing in humans
Helena Cousijn,Mark Rijpkema,Shaozheng Qin,Hein J. F. van Marle,Barbara Franke,Erno J. Hermans,Guido van Wingen,Guillén Fernández +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that only carriers of a common functional deletion in ADRA2B, the gene coding for the α2b-adrenoreceptor, displayed increased phasic amygdala responses under stress, demonstrating that genetic effects on brain operations can be state dependent, such that they only become apparent under specific, often environmentally controlled conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The stressed brain of humans and rodents
TL;DR: The brain's response to stress depends on an individual's genetic background in interaction with life events, and studies in rodents point to the possibility to prevent or reverse long‐term consequences of early life adversity on cognitive processing by normalizing the balance between the two receptor types for corticosteroid hormones at a critical moment just before the onset of puberty.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic but not acute foot-shock stress leads to temporary suppression of cell proliferation in rat hippocampus.
Girstaute Dagyte,van der Eddy Zee,Folkert Postema,Folkert Postema,P.G.M. Luiten,P.G.M. Luiten,den Johan Boer,Andrea Trentani,Peter Meerlo +8 more
TL;DR: The notion that chronic stress may lead to cumulative changes in the brain that are not seen after acute stress may indicate compromised brain plasticity and increased vulnerability to neuropathology is supported.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene
Avshalom Caspi,Karen Sugden,Terrie E. Moffitt,Alan Taylor,Ian W. Craig,Hona Lee Harrington,Joseph L. McClay,Jonathan Mill,Judy Martin,Antony W. Braithwaite,Richie Poulton +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction is provided, in which an individual's response to environmental insults is moderated by his or her genetic makeup.
Journal ArticleDOI
How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
TL;DR: This review considers recent findings regarding GC action and generates criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Ian C. G. Weaver,Nadia Cervoni,Frances A. Champagne,Ana C. D'Alessio,Shakti Sharma,Jonathan R. Seckl,Sergiy Dymov,Moshe Szyf,Michael J. Meaney +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that an epigenomic state of a gene can be established through behavioral programming, and it is potentially reversible, suggesting a causal relation among epigenomicState, GR expression and the maternal effect on stress responses in the offspring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Requirement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis for the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants
Luca Santarelli,Michael Saxe,Cornelius Gross,Alexandre Surget,Fortunato Battaglia,Stephanie C. Dulawa,Noelia V. Weisstaub,James T. Lee,Ronald S. Duman,Ottavio Arancio,Catherine Belzung,René Hen +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that disrupting antidepressant-induced neurogenesis blocks behavioral responses to antidepressants, suggesting that the behavioral effects of chronic antidepressants may be mediated by the stimulation of neuroGenesis in the hippocampus.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Syndrome produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents
TL;DR: If the organism is severely damaged by acute non-specific nocuous agents such as exposure to cold, surgical injury, production of spinal shock, excessive muscular exercise, or intoxications with sublethal doses of diverse drugs, a typical syndrome appears, the symptoms of which are independent of the nature of the damaging agent or the pharmacological type of the drug employed.