Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 screening.
Daniel B. Larremore,Bryan Wilder,Evan Lester,Evan Lester,Soraya Shehata,Soraya Shehata,James M. Burke,James A. Hay,Milind Tambe,Michael J. Mina,Michael J. Mina,Roy Parker +11 more
TLDR
It is demonstrated that effective screening depends largely on frequency of testing and speed of reporting and is only marginally improved by high test sensitivity, and should prioritize accessibility, frequency, and sample-to-answer time.Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a public health crisis. Because SARS-CoV-2 can spread from individuals with presymptomatic, symptomatic, and asymptomatic infections, the reopening of societies and the control of virus spread will be facilitated by robust population screening, for which virus testing will often be central. After infection, individuals undergo a period of incubation during which viral titers are too low to detect, followed by exponential viral growth, leading to peak viral load and infectiousness and ending with declining titers and clearance. Given the pattern of viral load kinetics, we model the effectiveness of repeated population screening considering test sensitivities, frequency, and sample-to-answer reporting time. These results demonstrate that effective screening depends largely on frequency of testing and speed of reporting and is only marginally improved by high test sensitivity. We therefore conclude that screening should prioritize accessibility, frequency, and sample-to-answer time; analytical limits of detection should be secondary.read more
Citations
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Aligning staffing schedules with testing and isolation strategies reduces the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in carceral and other congregate settings: A simulation study
TL;DR: In this article, an individual-based model accounting for individual infectiousness over time, staff work schedules, and testing and isolation schedules was developed to simulate community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to staff in a congregate facility and subsequent transmission within the facility that could cause an outbreak.
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Structural basis of how the BIRC6/SMAC complex regulates apoptosis and autophagy
Julian F. Ehrmann,Daniel B. Grabarczyk,Maria Heinke,Luiza Deszcz,Robert Kurzbauer,Otto Hudecz,Alexandra Shulkina,Rebeca Gogova,Anton Meinhart,Gijs A. Versteeg,Tim Clausen +10 more
TL;DR: The cryo-EM structure of BIRC6 alone and in complex with two mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins, HTRA2 and SMAC is determined and the molecular mechanisms of how SMAC specifically binds and inhibits BIRC 6 to promote apoptosis are revealed, and how this regulatory mechanism also extends to autophagy substrates.
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Aligner-Mediated Cleavage-Based Isothermal Amplification for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and versatile assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA based on aligner-mediate detection was proposed. But it is not suitable for the detection of COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Specimen self-collection for SARS-CoV-2 testing: Patient performance and preferences—Atlanta, Georgia, August-October 2020
Kevin O'Laughlin,Catherine Espinosa,Sarah E. Smith-Jeffcoat,Mitsuki Koh,George Khalil,Adam D. Hoffman,Paulina A. Rebolledo,Marcos C. Schechter,Rebekah J Stewart,Juliana F da Silva,Caitlin Biedron,Bettina Bankamp,Jennifer Fostel,Amy S. Gargis,Michael D. Bowen,Ashley Paulick,Yu Wang,Jacqueline E. Tate,Hannah L Kirking +18 more
TL;DR: With nearly all participants successfully submitting a specimen, favorable ratings from most participants (at least >79% in ease and comfort), and equivocal preference between saliva and ANS, self-collection is a viable SARS-CoV-2 testing option.
Journal ArticleDOI
Daily, self-test rapid antigen test to assess SARS-CoV-2 viability in de-isolation of patients with COVID-19
Seongman Bae,Heedo Park,Ji Yeun Kim,Sungjin Park,Joon Yong Bae,Jeonghun Kim,Jiwon Jung,Min Jae Kim,Yong Pil Chong,Sang-Ho Lee,Sang-Ho Choi,Yang Soo Kim,Man Seong Park,Sung-Han Kim +13 more
TL;DR: About half of the patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive based upon cell culture results gave negative RAT results, however, the remaining positive culture cases were detected by RAT, and RAT showed relatively high negative predictive value for viable viral shedding.
References
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