The formation of the heaviest elements
Anna Frebel,Timothy C. Beers +1 more
TLDR
The rapid neutron-capture process needed to build up many of the elements heavier than iron seems to take place primarily in neutron-star mergers, not supernova explosions as mentioned in this paper, which is not the case in most of the existing works.Abstract:
The rapid neutron-capture process needed to build up many of the elements heavier than iron seems to take place primarily in neutron-star mergers, not supernova explosions.read more
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Fusion Energy Output Greater than the Kinetic Energy of an Imploding Shell at the National Ignition Facility.
S. Le Pape,L. F. Berzak Hopkins,Laurent Divol,Art Pak,E. L. Dewald,Suhas Bhandarkar,L. R. Bennedetti,T. Bunn,Jürgen Biener,J. Crippen,Daniel Casey,D. H. Edgell,David N. Fittinghoff,Maria Gatu-Johnson,Clement Goyon,S. W. Haan,Robert Hatarik,M. Havre,Darwin Ho,Nobuhiko Izumi,J. Jaquez,Shahab Khan,G. A. Kyrala,T. Ma,A. J. Mackinnon,Andrew MacPhee,B. J. MacGowan,Nathan Meezan,Jose Milovich,Marius Millot,Pierre Michel,S. R. Nagel,A. Nikroo,P. K. Patel,Joseph Ralph,Jason Ross,Neal Rice,David Strozzi,Michael Stadermann,Petr Volegov,C. B. Yeamans,C. R. Weber,C. Wild,D. A. Callahan,Omar Hurricane +44 more
TL;DR: Time dependent low mode asymmetries that limited further progress of implosions have now been controlled, leading to an increased compression of the hot spot, resulting in hot spot areal density and stagnation pressure never before achieved in a laboratory experiment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isotope shift, nonlinearity of King plots, and the search for new particles
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a mean-field relativistic formula for the isotope shift of an electronic energy level for arbitrary angular momentum; they then used it to predict the spectra of superheavy metastable neutron-rich isotopes belonging to the hypothetical island of stability.
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Masses of exotic nuclei
TL;DR: A review of recent developments in precision mass spectrometry of radioactive isotopes (RI) and some selected related physics subjects are reviewed in this paper, where the authors focus on recent experimental challenges and findings as well as on the cutting-edge experimental technologies and mass formula theories.
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Atomic structure calculations of superheavy noble element oganesson ( Z = 118 )
TL;DR: Dzuba et al. as discussed by the authors calculated the spectrum and allowed $E1$ transitions of the superheavy element Og ($Z=118$), using a combination of configuration interaction and perturbation theory.
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The degree of fine-tuning in our universe — and others
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the current constraints on the fundamental constants that describe the laws of physics and the cosmological parameters that determine the properties of our universe and show that viable universes exist over a range of parameter spaces.
References
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Synthesis of the Elements in Stars
TL;DR: In this article, a count of the stable and radioactive elements and isotopes is given, and Table I,1 shows that only promethium has not been found in nature, whereas 99 elements are found terrestrially and technetium is found in stars.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Yap,Maher Yazback,Hang Yu,Haocun Yu,M. Yvert,A. K. Zadrożny,Michele Zanolin,T. Zelenova,J. P. Zendri,M. Zevin,L. Zhang,Mi Zhang,T. Zhang,Yanxi Zhang,Chunnong Zhao,Minchuan Zhou,Zifan Zhou,Sylvia J. Zhu,Xing-Jiang Zhu,Aaron Zimmerman,Michael E Zucker,Michael E Zucker,J. Zweizig,Eric Burns,Péter Veres,Dale D. Kocevski,Judith Racusin,Adam Goldstein,Valerie Connaughton,Michael S. Briggs,Lindy Blackburn,Lindy Blackburn,Rachel Hamburg,C. M. Hui,A. von Kienlin,Julie McEnery,Robert D. Preece,Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge,Elisabetta Bissaldi,W. H. Cleveland,Melissa Gibby,Misty Giles,R. M. Kippen,Sheila McBreen,Charles A. Meegan,William S. Paciesas,S. Poolakkil,Oliver J. Roberts,M. Stanbro,V. Savchenko,Carlo Ferrigno,E. Kuulkers,A. Bazzano,Enrico Bozzo,Søren Brandt,Jérôme Chenevez,T. J. L. Courvoisier,Roland Diehl,A. Domingo,Lorraine Hanlon,Elisabeth Jourdain,P. Laurent,Francois Lebrun,A. A. Lutovinov,Sandro Mereghetti,Lorenzo Natalucci,James Rodi,Jean-Pierre Roques,R. A. Sunyaev,P. Ubertini +1198 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the observed time delay of $(+1.74\pm 0.05)\,{\rm{s}}$ between GRB 170817A and GW170817 to constrain the difference between the speed of gravity and speed of light to be between $-3
Journal ArticleDOI
Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the observed time delay of $(+1.74 \pm 0.05 ) between GRB 170817A and GW170817 to constrain the difference between speed of gravity and the speed of light.
Journal ArticleDOI
The discovery and analysis of very metal-poor stars in the galaxy
TL;DR: Very metal-deficient stars have been identified in the last few decades as discussed by the authors, leading to the discovery of the majority of stars with [Fe/H] < −2.0.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light curves of the neutron star merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for r-process nucleosynthesis
Maria R. Drout,Anthony L. Piro,Benjamin J. Shappee,Charles D. Kilpatrick,J. D. Simon,Carlos Contreras,David A. Coulter,R. J. Foley,Matthew R. Siebert,Nidia Morrell,Konstantina Boutsia,F. Di Mille,Thomas W.-S. Holoien,Daniel Kasen,Daniel Kasen,Juna A. Kollmeier,Barry F. Madore,Andrew J. Monson,Andrew J. Monson,Ariadna Murguia-Berthier,Yen-Chen Pan,Jason X. Prochaska,Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz,Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz,A. Rest,A. Rest,C. Adams,Katherine Alatalo,Katherine Alatalo,Eduardo Bañados,J. Baughman,J. Baughman,Timothy C. Beers,Timothy C. Beers,R. A. Bernstein,Theodoros Bitsakis,Abdo Campillay,Terese T. Hansen,C. R. Higgs,C. R. Higgs,Alexander P. Ji,Grigoris Maravelias,Jennifer L. Marshall,C. Moni Bidin,J. L. Prieto,J. L. Prieto,Kaitlin C. Rasmussen,Kaitlin C. Rasmussen,César Rojas-Bravo,A. L. Strom,N. Ulloa,J. Vargas-González,Z. Wan,Devin D. Whitten,Devin D. Whitten +54 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present ultraviolet, optical, and infrared light curves of SSS17a extending from 10.9 hours to 18 days post-merger, showing that the late-time light curve indicates that SSS 17a produced at least 0.05 solar masses of heavy elements, demonstrating that neutron star mergers play a role in rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis in the universe.