The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE) - II. Observations, data reduction and analysis, detection performances, and initial results
Maud Langlois,Maud Langlois,R. G. Gratton,Anne-Marie Lagrange,Anne-Marie Lagrange,Philippe Delorme,Anthony Boccaletti,Mickael Bonnefoy,Anne-Lise Maire,Anne-Lise Maire,Dino Mesa,Gael Chauvin,Gael Chauvin,Silvano Desidera,Arthur Vigan,Anthony Cheetham,Janis Hagelberg,M. Feldt,Michael Meyer,Michael Meyer,P. Rubini,H. Le Coroller,Faustine Cantalloube,Beth Biller,Beth Biller,Beth Biller,Mariangela Bonavita,T. Bhowmik,Wolfgang Brandner,S. Daemgen,Valentina D'Orazi,Olivier Flasseur,C. Fontanive,C. Fontanive,Raphaël Galicher,Julien Girard,P. Janin-Potiron,Markus Janson,Markus Janson,Miriam Keppler,T. Kopytova,T. Kopytova,T. Kopytova,Eric Lagadec,J. Lannier,C. Lazzoni,Roxanne Ligi,N. Meunier,A. Perreti,C. Perrot,C. Perrot,L. Rodet,C. Romero,C. Romero,Daniel Rouan,Matthias Samland,Matthias Samland,Graeme Salter,E. Sissa,T. Schmidt,Alice Zurlo,Alice Zurlo,David Mouillet,Loïc Denis,Éric Thiébaut,Julien Milli,Zahed Wahhaj,Jean-Luc Beuzit,Carsten Dominik,Th. Henning,Francois Menard,André Müller,H. M. Schmid,Massimo Turatto,Stéphane Udry,L. Abe,Jacopo Antichi,F. Allard,Andrea Baruffolo,Pierre Baudoz,J. Baudrand,Andreas Bazzon,P. Blanchard,Marcel Carbillet,M. Carle,Enrico Cascone,Julien Charton,Riccardo Claudi,Anne Costille,V. De Caprio,A. Delboulbe,Kjetil Dohlen,Daniela Fantinel,Philippe Feautrier,Thierry Fusco,Thierry Fusco,P. Gigan,Enrico Giro,D. Gisler,L. Gluck,Cecile Gry,Norbert Hubin,Emmanuel Hugot,M. Jaquet,M. Kasper,M. Kasper,D. Le Mignant,M. Llored,F. Madec,Yves Magnard,Patrice Martinez,D. Maurel,Sergio Messina,O. Möller-Nilsson,Laurent M. Mugnier,Thibaut Moulin,Alain Origne,A. Pavlov,D. Perret,C. Petit,J. Pragt,Pascal Puget,P. Rabou,J. Ramos,F. Rigal,S. Rochat,R. Roelfsema,Gérard Rousset,A. Roux,Bernardo Salasnich,J.-F. Sauvage,J.-F. Sauvage,Arnaud Sevin,Christian Soenke,Eric Stadler,Marcos Suarez,L. Weber,Francois Wildi,E. L. Rickman +138 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors presented the observing and data analysis strategy, the ranking process of the detected candidates, and the survey performances for a subsample of 150 stars that are representative of the full SHINE sample.Abstract:
Context. In recent decades, direct imaging has confirmed the existence of substellar companions (exoplanets or brown dwarfs) on wide orbits (>10 au) around their host stars. In striving to understand their formation and evolution mechanisms, in 2015 we initiated the SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE), a systematic direct imaging survey of young, nearby stars that is targeted at exploring their demographics.Aims. We aim to detect and characterize the population of giant planets and brown dwarfs beyond the snow line around young, nearby stars. Combined with the survey completeness, our observations offer the opportunity to constrain the statistical properties (occurrence, mass and orbital distributions, dependency on the stellar mass) of these young giant planets.Methods. In this study, we present the observing and data analysis strategy, the ranking process of the detected candidates, and the survey performances for a subsample of 150 stars that are representative of the full SHINE sample. Observations were conducted in a homogeneous way between February 2015 and February 2017 with the dedicated ground-based VLT/SPHERE instrument equipped with the IFS integral field spectrograph and the IRDIS dual-band imager, covering a spectral range between 0.9 and 2.3 μm. We used coronographic, angular, and spectral differential imaging techniques to achieve the best detection performances for this study, down to the planetary mass regime.Results. We processed, in a uniform manner, more than 300 SHINE observations and datasets to assess the survey typical sensitivity as a function of the host star and of the observing conditions. The median detection performance reached 5σ -contrasts of 13 mag at 200 mas and 14.2 mag at 800 mas with the IFS (YJ and YJH bands), and of 11.8 mag at 200 mas, 13.1 mag at 800 mas, and 15.8 mag at 3 as with IRDIS in H band, delivering one of the deepest sensitivity surveys thus far for young, nearby stars. A total of sixteen substellar companions were imaged in this first part of SHINE: seven brown dwarf companions and ten planetary-mass companions.These include two new discoveries, HIP 65426 b and HIP 64892 B, but not the planets around PDS70 that had not been originally selected for the SHINE core sample. A total of 1483 candidates were detected, mainly in the large field of view that characterizes IRDIS. The color-magnitude diagrams, low-resolution spectrum (when available with IFS), and follow-up observations enabled us to identify the nature (background contaminant or comoving companion) of about 86% of our subsample. The remaining cases are often connected to crowded-field follow-up observations that were missing. Finally, even though SHINE was not initially designed for disk searches, we imaged twelve circumstellar disks, including three new detections around the HIP 73145, HIP 86598, and HD 106906 systems.Conclusions. Nowadays, direct imaging provides a unique opportunity to probe the outer part of exoplanetary systems beyond 10 au to explore planetary architectures, as highlighted by the discoveries of: one new exoplanet, one new brown dwarf companion, and three new debris disks during this early phase of SHINE. It also offers the opportunity to explore and revisit the physical and orbital properties of these young, giant planets and brown dwarf companions (relative position, photometry, and low-resolution spectrum in near-infrared, predicted masses, and contrast in order to search for additional companions). Finally, these results highlight the importance of finalizing the SHINE systematic observation of about 500 young, nearby stars for a full exploration of their outer part to explore the demographics of young giant planets beyond 10 au and to identify the most interesting systems for the next generation of high-contrast imagers on very large and extremely large telescopes.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). III. The demographics of young giant exoplanets below 300 au with SPHERE
Arthur Vigan,C. Fontanive,Michael Meyer,Beth Biller,Mariangela Bonavita,Markus Feldt,Silvano Desidera,Gabriel-Dominique Marleau,Gabriel-Dominique Marleau,Alexandre Emsenhuber,R. Galicher,Ken Rice,Duncan Forgan,C. Mordasini,C. Mordasini,Raffaele Gratton,H. Le Coroller,Anne-Lise Maire,Faustine Cantalloube,Gael Chauvin,Anthony Cheetham,Janis Hagelberg,A-M. Lagrange,Maud Langlois,Maud Langlois,Mickael Bonnefoy,Jean-Luc Beuzit,Jean-Luc Beuzit,A. Boccaletti,Valentina D'Orazi,Philippe Delorme,Carsten Dominik,Th. Henning,Markus Janson,E. Lagadec,C. Lazzoni,Roxanne Ligi,François Ménard,Dino Mesa,Sergio Messina,C. Moutou,André Müller,C. Perrot,Matthias Samland,H. M. Schmid,T. O. B. Schmidt,E. Sissa,Massimo Turatto,Stéphane Udry,Alice Zurlo,Lyu Abe,Jacopo Antichi,Ruben Asensio-Torres,Andrea Baruffolo,Pierre Baudoz,J. Baudrand,A. Bazzon,P. Blanchard,Alexander J. Bohn,S. Brown Sevilla,Marcel Carbillet,M. Carle,E. Cascone,Julien Charton,Riccardo Claudi,Anne Costille,V. De Caprio,Alain Delboulbé,Kjetil Dohlen,N. Engler,Daniela Fantinel,Philippe Feautrier,Thierry Fusco,P. Gigan,Julien Girard,Enrico Giro,D. Gisler,L. Gluck,Cecile Gry,Norbert Hubin,Emmanuel Hugot,Marc Jaquet,M. Kasper,M. Kasper,D. Le Mignant,M. Llored,F. Madec,Yves Magnard,Patrice Martinez,D. Maurel,O. Möller-Nilsson,David Mouillet,T. Moulin,Alain Origne,A. Pavlov,Denis Perret,C. Petit,J. Pragt,Pascal Puget,P. Rabou,J. Ramos,E. L. Rickman,F. Rigal,S. Rochat,Ronald Roelfsema,Gérard Rousset,Alain Roux,Bernardo Salasnich,Jean-François Sauvage,Arnaud Sevin,C. Soenke,Eric Stadler,Marcos Suarez,Zahed Wahhaj,L. Weber,Francois Wildi +115 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an initial statistical analysis for a subsample of 150 stars that are representative of the full SHINE sample, and use a MCMC tool to compare their observations to two different types of models.
Book
Exploring the formation and evolution of planetary systems : proceedings of the 299th symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Victoria, Canada, June 2-7, 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed study of known exoplanets and exoplanet systems is presented, as well as a model of planetary formation and evolution based on high-resolution imaging.
Journal ArticleDOI
The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE) - III. The demographics of young giant exoplanets below 300 au with SPHERE
Arthur Vigan,C. Fontanive,Michael Meyer,Beth Biller,Mariangela Bonavita,Markus Feldt,Silvano Desidera,Gabriel-Dominique Marleau,Gabriel-Dominique Marleau,Alexandre Emsenhuber,R. Galicher,Ken Rice,Duncan Forgan,C. Mordasini,C. Mordasini,Raffaele Gratton,H. Le Coroller,Anne-Lise Maire,Faustine Cantalloube,Gael Chauvin,Anthony Cheetham,Janis Hagelberg,A-M. Lagrange,Maud Langlois,Maud Langlois,Mickael Bonnefoy,Jean-Luc Beuzit,Jean-Luc Beuzit,A. Boccaletti,Valentina D'Orazi,Philippe Delorme,Carsten Dominik,Th. Henning,Markus Janson,E. Lagadec,C. Lazzoni,Roxanne Ligi,François Ménard,Dino Mesa,Sergio Messina,C. Moutou,André Müller,C. Perrot,Matthias Samland,H. M. Schmid,T. O. B. Schmidt,E. Sissa,Massimo Turatto,Stéphane Udry,Alice Zurlo,Lyu Abe,Jacopo Antichi,Ruben Asensio-Torres,Andrea Baruffolo,Pierre Baudoz,J. Baudrand,A. Bazzon,P. Blanchard,Alexander J. Bohn,S. Brown Sevilla,Marcel Carbillet,M. Carle,E. Cascone,Julien Charton,Riccardo Claudi,Anne Costille,V. De Caprio,Alain Delboulbé,Kjetil Dohlen,N. Engler,Daniela Fantinel,Philippe Feautrier,Thierry Fusco,P. Gigan,Julien Girard,Enrico Giro,D. Gisler,L. Gluck,Cecile Gry,Norbert Hubin,Emmanuel Hugot,Marc Jaquet,M. Kasper,M. Kasper,D. Le Mignant,M. Llored,F. Madec,Yves Magnard,Patrice Martinez,D. Maurel,O. Möller-Nilsson,David Mouillet,T. Moulin,Alain Origne,A. Pavlov,Denis Perret,C. Petit,J. Pragt,Pascal Puget,P. Rabou,J. Ramos,E. L. Rickman,F. Rigal,S. Rochat,Ronald Roelfsema,Gérard Rousset,Alain Roux,Bernardo Salasnich,Jean-François Sauvage,Arnaud Sevin,C. Soenke,Eric Stadler,Marcos Suarez,Zahed Wahhaj,L. Weber,Francois Wildi +115 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an initial statistical analysis for a subsample of 150 stars spanning spectral types from B to M that are representative of the full SHINE sample, and use a Markov chain Monte Carlo tool to compare their observations to two different types of models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perturbers: SPHERE detection limits to planetary-mass companions in protoplanetary disks
R. Asensio-Torres,Th. Henning,Faustine Cantalloube,P. Pinilla,Dino Mesa,Antonio Garufi,S. Jorquera,Raffaele Gratton,Gael Chauvin,Gael Chauvin,Judit Szulágyi,R. van Boekel,Ruobing Dong,Gabriel-Dominique Marleau,Gabriel-Dominique Marleau,Gabriel-Dominique Marleau,Myriam Benisty,Myriam Benisty,M. Villenave,C. Bergez-Casalou,C. Desgrange,C. Desgrange,Markus Janson,M. Keppler,Maud Langlois,François Ménard,E. L. Rickman,Tomas Stolker,Markus Feldt,Thierry Fusco,Thierry Fusco,L. Gluck,A. Pavlov,Joany Andreina Manjarres Ramos +33 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a sample of 15 protoplanetary disks showing substructures in SPHERE scattered-light images and a homogeneous derivation of planet detection limits in these systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
The JWST Early Release Science Program for the Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems
Sasha Hinkley,Aarynn L. Carter,S. Ray,Andrew J. Skemer,Beth Biller,Elodie Choquet,Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer,Steph Sallum,Brittany E. Miles,Niall Whiteford,Polychronis Patapis,Marshall D. Perrin,Laurent Pueyo,O. Schneider,Karl R. Stapelfeldt,Jason J. Wang,Kimberly Ward-Duong,Brendan P. Bowler,Anthony Boccaletti,Julien H. Girard,Dean C. Hines,Paul Kalas,C. Kammerer,Pierre Kervella,Jarron Leisenring,Eric Pantin,Yifan Zhou,Michael Meyer,Michael C. Liu,Mickael Bonnefoy,Thayne Currie,Michael W. McElwain,Stanimir Metchev,Mark C. Wyatt,Olivier Absil,Jea Adams,Travis Barman,Isabelle Baraffe,Mariangela Bonavita,Mark Booth,Marta L. Bryan,Gael Chauvin,Christine Chen,Camilla Danielski,Matthew De Furio,Samuel Factor,Michael P. Fitzgerald,Jonathan J. Fortney,Carol A. Grady,Alexandra Z. Greenbaum,Th. Henning,Kielan K. W. Hoch,Markus Janson,R. Kennedy,Matthew A. Kenworthy,Adam L. Kraus,Masayuki Kuzuhara,Pierre-Olivier Lagage,Anne-Marie Lagrange,Ralf Launhardt,C. Lazzoni,James P. Lloyd,Sebastian Marino,Mark S. Marley,Raquel A. Martinez,Christian Marois,Brenda C. Matthews,Elisabeth Matthews,Dimitri Mawet,Johan Mazoyer,Mark W. Phillips,S. Petrus,Sascha P. Quanz,Andreas Quirrenbach,Julien Rameau,I. Rebollido,E. L. Rickman,Matthias Samland,Ben Sargent,Joshua E. Schlieder,Anand Sivaramakrishnan,Jordan M. Stone,Motohide Tamura,Pascal Tremblin,Taichi Uyama,Malavika Vasist,Arthur Vigan,Kevin Wagner,Marie Ygouf +88 more
TL;DR: The 55 hr Early Release Science Program (ERSP) as discussed by the authors uses all four JWST instruments to extend the characterization of planetary-mass companions to ∼15 μm as well as image a circumstellar disk in the mid-infrared with unprecedented sensitivity.
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Christian Marois,Christian Marois,Christian Marois,Bruce Macintosh,Travis S. Barman,Barry Zuckerman,Inseok Song,Jennifer Patience,David Lafrenière,René Doyon +9 more
TL;DR: High-contrast observations with the Keck and Gemini telescopes have revealed three planets orbiting the star HR 8799, with projected separations of 24, 38, and 68 astronomical units.
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Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 209458
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extra-solar giant planets and show that irradiation effects can substantially affect the radius of sub-jovian mass giant planets.
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Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extra-solar giant planets and show that irradiation effects can substantially affect the radius of sub-jovian mass giant planets.
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