Journal ArticleDOI
Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A (H1) in Humans in the United States, 2005–2009
Vivek Shinde,Carolyn B. Bridges,Timothy M. Uyeki,Bo Shu,Amanda Balish,Xiyan Xu,Stephen Lindstrom,Larisa V. Gubareva,Varough M. Deyde,Rebecca Garten,Meghan L. Harris,Susan I. Gerber,Susan Vagasky,Forrest Smith,Neal Pascoe,Karen Martin,Deborah Dufficy,Kathy Ritger,Craig Conover,Patricia Quinlisk,Alexander Klimov,Joseph S. Bresee,Lyn Finelli +22 more
TLDR
From December 2005 until just before the current human epidemic of swine-origin influenza viruses, there was sporadic infection with triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses in persons with exposure to pigs in the United States.Abstract:
Background Triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses — containing genes from avian, human, and swine influenza viruses — emerged and became enzootic among pig herds in North America during the late 1990s. Methods We report the clinical features of the first 11 sporadic cases of infection of humans with triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, occurring from December 2005 through February 2009, until just before the current epidemic of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) among humans. These data were obtained from routine national influenza surveillance reports and from joint case investigations by public and animal health agencies. Results The median age of the 11 patients was 10 years (range, 16 months to 48 years), and 4 had underlying health conditions. Nine of the patients had had exposure to pigs, five through direct contact and four through visits to a location where pigs were present but without contact. In another patient, hu...read more
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Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans.
Seema Jain,Lyn Finelli,Michael W. Shaw,Stephen Lindstrom,Larisa V. Gubareva,Xiyan Xu,Timothy M. Uyeki +6 more
TL;DR: A novel swine-origin influenza A virus was identified as the cause of outbreaks of febrile respiratory infection ranging from self-limited to severe illness and it is likely that the number of confirmed cases underestimates thenumber of cases that have occurred.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses Circulating in Humans
Rebecca Garten,C. Todd Davis,Colin A. Russell,Colin A. Russell,Bo Shu,Stephen Lindstrom,Amanda Balish,Wendy Sessions,Xiyan Xu,Eugene Skepner,Varough M. Deyde,Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo,Larisa V. Gubareva,John R. Barnes,Catherine B. Smith,Shannon L. Emery,Michael J. Hillman,Pierre Rivailler,James A. Smagala,Miranda de Graaf,Miranda de Graaf,David F. Burke,Ron A. M. Fouchier,Claudia Pappas,Celia Alpuche-Aranda,Hugo López-Gatell,Hiram Olivera,Irma Lopez,Christopher A. Myers,Dennis J. Faix,Patrick J. Blair,Cindy Yu,Kimberly M. Keene,P. David Dotson,David Boxrud,Anthony R. Sambol,Syed H. Abid,Kirsten St. George,Tammy L. Bannerman,Amanda L. Moore,David J. Stringer,Patricia Blevins,Gail J. Demmler-Harrison,Michele Ginsberg,Paula Kriner,Steve Waterman,Sandra Smole,Hugo Guevara,Edward A. Belongia,Patricia A. Clark,Sara T. Beatrice,Ruben O. Donis,Jacqueline M. Katz,Lyn Finelli,Carolyn B. Bridges,Michael W. Shaw,Daniel B. Jernigan,Timothy M. Uyeki,Derek J. Smith,Derek J. Smith,Derek J. Smith,Alexander Klimov,Nancy J. Cox +62 more
TL;DR: The lack of similarity between the 2009 A(H1N1) virus and its nearest relatives indicates that its gene segments have been circulating undetected for an extended period as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic.
Gavin J. D. Smith,Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna,Justin Bahl,Samantha Lycett,Michael Worobey,Oliver G. Pybus,Siu Kit Ma,CL Cheung,Jayna Raghwani,Samir Bhatt,J. S. Malik Peiris,Yi Guan,Andrew Rambaut +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in Mexico and the United States was derived from several viruses circulating in swine, and that the initial transmission to humans occurred several months before recognition of the outbreak.
Journal Article
Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009.
Anthony E. Fiore,Timothy M. Uyeki,Karen R. Broder,Lyn Finelli,Gary L. Euler,James A. Singleton,John K. Iskander,Pascale M. Wortley,David K. Shay,Joseph S. Bresee,Nancy J. Cox +10 more
TL;DR: This report updates the 2008 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza and includes a summary of safety data for U.S. licensed influenza vaccines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses to the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus
Kathy Hancock,Vic Veguilla,Xiuhua Lu,Weimin Zhong,Eboneé N. Butler,Hong Sun,Feng Liu,Libo Dong,Joshua DeVos,Paul Gargiullo,T . Lynnette. Brammer,Nancy J. Cox,Terrence M. Tumpey,Jacqueline M. Katz +13 more
TL;DR: Vaccination with recent seasonal nonadjuvanted or adjuvanted influenza vaccines induced little or no cross-reactive antibody response to 2009 H1N1 in any age group.
References
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Prevention and control of influenza : recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
TL;DR: This report updates the 2000 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices on the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents with new or updated information regarding the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination and the 2001-2002 trivalent vaccine virus strains.
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Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009.
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TL;DR: This report updates the 2008 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza and includes a summary of safety data for U.S. licensed influenza vaccines.
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Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Basis for the Generation in Pigs of Influenza A Viruses with Pandemic Potential
Toshihiro Ito,J. Nelson S. S. Couceiro,Sørge Kelm,Linda G. Baum,Scott Krauss,Maria R. Castrucci,Isabella Donatelli,Hiroshi Kida,James C. Paulson,Robert G. Webster,Robert G. Webster,Yoshihiro Kawaoka,Yoshihiro Kawaoka +12 more
TL;DR: A structural basis for the hypothesis that pigs may serve as “mixing vessels” for the generation of human-avian influenza A virus reassortants, similar to those responsible for the 1957 and 1968 pandemics is demonstrated.
Journal Article
Swine influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children - Southern California, March-April 2009.
M. Ginsberg,J. Hopkins,A. Maroufi,G. Dunne,D. R. Sunega,J. Giessick,P. McVay,K. Lopez,P. Kriner,S. Munday,Kathleen Harriman,B. Sun,G. Chavez,Douglas L. Hatch,Robert Schechter,Duc J. Vugia,Janice K. Louie,W. Chung,N. Pascoe,S. Penfield,J. Zoretic,Vincent P. Fonseca,P. J. Blair,D. Faix,J. Tueller +24 more
TL;DR: Concern exists that this new strain of swine influenza A (H1N1) is substantially different from human flu viruses, that a large proportion of the population might be susceptible to infection, and that the seasonal influenza vaccine H 1N1 strain might not provide protection.
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