Universal Vaccines and Vaccine Platforms to Protect against Influenza Viruses in Humans and Agriculture.
Daniela S. Rajao,Daniel R. Perez +1 more
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TLDR
Current vaccines to protect humans and animals against influenza are discussed, highlighting challenges faced to effective and uniform novel vaccination strategies and approaches.Abstract:
Influenza virus infections pose a significant threat to public health due to annual seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Influenza is also associated with significant economic losses in animal production. The most effective way to prevent influenza infections is through vaccination. Current vaccine programs rely heavily on the vaccine's ability to stimulate neutralizing antibody responses to the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. One of the biggest challenges to an effective vaccination program lies on the fact that influenza viruses are ever-changing, leading to antigenic drift that results in escape from earlier immune responses. Efforts toward overcoming these challenges aim at improving the strength and/or breadth of the immune response. Novel vaccine technologies, the so-called universal vaccines, focus on stimulating better cross-protection against many or all influenza strains. However, vaccine platforms or manufacturing technologies being tested to improve vaccine efficacy are heterogeneous between different species and/or either tailored for epidemic or pandemic influenza. Here, we discuss current vaccines to protect humans and animals against influenza, highlighting challenges faced to effective and uniform novel vaccination strategies and approaches.read more
Citations
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Stalking influenza by vaccination with pre-fusion headless HA mini-stem for broadly reactive antibodies
TL;DR: In this article, a bacterially expressed polypeptide that mimics a H5 hemagglutinin (HA) stem by protein minimization was designed to focus the antibody response towards the HA stem.
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The 2020 race towards SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines.
Tomasz M. Karpiński,Marcin Ożarowski,Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz,Hubert Wolski,Donald Wlodkowic +4 more
TL;DR: An update on latest advances and progress in an ongoing race to develop 52 different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is presented, focused on registered clinical trials that fulfill the international safety and efficacy criteria in the vaccine development.
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Development of effective anti-influenza drugs: congeners and conjugates – a review
TL;DR: Conjugating NA inhibitors with other therapeutic entity provides a synergistic anti-influenza activity; for example, to kill the existing viruses and suppress the cytokines caused by cross-species infection.
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Treating Influenza Infection, From Now and Into the Future
TL;DR: Leading anti-inflammatory drugs such as etanercept, statins or cyclooxygenase enzyme 2 inhibitors may temper IV induced inflammation, demonstrating the possibility of repurposing these drugs as single or adjunct therapies for IV infection.
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Innovative Mucosal Vaccine Formulations Against Influenza A Virus Infections.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of human mucosal anti-influenza vaccines consists of live attenuated strains administered intranasally, which elicit higher local humoral and cellular immune responses than conventional parenteral vaccines.
References
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