Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3

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This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 2017-12-16 and is currently open access. It has received 4317 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Underweight & Childhood obesity.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017.

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TL;DR: Mitigation of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) will require major societal shifts regarding nutrition and public health, to implement comprehensive change that is sustained over decades, and scaled up into the entire global food system.

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TL;DR: How adipose tissue becomes inflamed in obesity is described and key players and molecular mechanisms involved in adipose inflammation are summarized.

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TL;DR: Metabolically healthy obesity represents a model to study mechanisms linking obesity to cardiometabolic complications and should not be considered a safe condition, which does not require obesity treatment, but may guide decision-making for a personalized and risk-stratified obesity treatment.

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TL;DR: Weight stigma is likely to drive weight gain and poor health and thus should be eradicated, which can begin by training compassionate and knowledgeable healthcare providers who will deliver better care and ultimately lessen the negative effects of weight stigma.

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TL;DR: The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.

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TL;DR: The global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013 is estimated using a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

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TL;DR: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years.

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TL;DR: It is estimated that undernutrition in the aggregate--including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding--is a cause of 3·1 million child deaths annually or 45% of all child deaths in 2011.

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TL;DR: The present report has been written to focus attention on the issue and to urge policy-makers to consider taking action before it is too late.

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Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Citations

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health.

Adipokine dysregulation and adipose tissue inflammation in human obesity

Metabolically Healthy Obesity.

How and why weight stigma drives the obesity 'epidemic' and harms health.

References

Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents

Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries

Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health.

Related Papers (5)

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years.

Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents

Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey

Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants