Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Livestock and Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme Interactions as a Key Source for Sedimentation during the Irrigation Season: Four Case Studies from South-West Shoa, Ethiopia

Abstract: Small-scale irrigation (SSI) development can play a major role in Ethiopia’s economic development, but sedimentation is a major threat to its sustainability. The focus of the dominant discourse around the sedimentation of SSI schemes lies in upstream catchment protection during the rainy season, neglecting both protection against erosion through overland flow along the margins of the canal network and sedimentation caused by livestock disturbances. Remedies against the latter causes of sedimentation during the irrigation season have been ineffective due to erroneous assumptions regarding its cause. This study aimed to identify the sources and extent of sedimentation in SSI schemes. The accumulated sediment in the canal pre-irrigation season was measured from four SSI schemes and suspended sediment samples during irrigation season were collected from one SSI scheme. The accumulated sediment in the canal pre-irrigation season was measured from four SSI and suspended sediment samples during irrigation season were collected from one SSI scheme. The extent of sedimentation in the canals during the pre-irrigation season in relation to canal capacity was 100% of lined and unlined canals in abandoned, 68% in a lined, and 84% unlined canals in heavily sedimented and 38% in a lined and 46% of unlined canals lightly sedimented schemes. Livestock interactions with the SSI schemes were found to be the major sediment source before and during the irrigation, hence, attention should be given to integrating livestock as a part of the system.

Households’ Willingness to Pay for Livestock Insurance in Karrayyu Pastoralist Community: An Attempt for Risk Reduction.

Abstract: The study aim to investigate pastoralist community’s willingness to pay (WTP) and factors that determine their willingness to pay for index based livestock insurance scheme. Using survey data collected by systematic sampling method, the study adopted an interval data logit model and estimated households’ WTP for index based livestock insurance for camels, cattle and goats & sheep’s separately. The study finding reveals that there is huge demand for livestock insurance scheme following recurrent drought and increased chance of losing their livestock. The estimated result shows that total WTP for camel, cattle and goat and sheep is about 2.7, 4.27, and 4.4 million birr per year respectively. Age of household head, family size, number of camel size and value of household asset have significant positive effect; where as non-farm income and distance from local market have negative effect on households’ probability of joining Camel insurance. The cattle model shows that value of household assets have negative effect and size of the cattle has positive effect on the probability of households’ willingness to join cattle insurance and their WTP. The goat and sheep model shows that number of goat and sheep has positive effect; income from livestock and age of household head has negative effect on households’ probability of joining livestock insurance and WTP. In all models, the starting bid price has negative significant effect on the demand for livestock insurance, confirming the law of demand. Policy suggestion is that public or private insurance company can intervene through supply of livestock insurance for commercial purposes as well as to mitigate the side effect of covariate shocks leading to smooth consumption and stable income stream of households. Preferential policy intervention for camel insurance may yield better outcome as the community gives more value to the camel.

Reliable Data Transmission for Multi-source Multi-sink Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: Multi-source multi-sink wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have got variety of application in areas that need to detect multiple environmental monitored parameters using a single sensor field/network. This type of WSN, beside its limited resources such as energy limitation like any WSNs are, has unique characteristics for instance network congestion, since multiple sensor nodes can send data to multiple/single sink at the same time. Research works on WSNs are not matured and well-developed. There are a number of research issues that are not yet addressed. In particular reliable data transmission is among those that are the decisive and unsolved ones as much as required. In this research work, reliable data transmission is ensured using hop-by-hop(in every hop) loss detection and recovery and it is tested using NS2 simulator. This paper provides 100% reliable data transmission. Reliability is assured by employing hop-by-hop loss detection and recovery using a hybrid of NACK and ACK-based approach. Since NACK-based scheme cannot handle the unique case where all packets in a communication are lost, we used a last single ACK feedback to make the sender sure that all packets are received successfully. The simulation and experimental results show that the new protocols perform well under various conditions and protocol parameter settings.

Role of Electronics Devices for E-Health in Smart Cities

Abstract: As the world's population ages, those suffering from diseases will increase. Researchers in electronics, computer, networking, and medical fields need to work more seriously to make the broad vision of smart healthcare/e-health system. To achieve the objectives of e-healthcare in smart cities, there is a need to create new system that allows the acquisition of health information smartly, automatically, and transparently in order to take efficient decisions provided by the supporting system. Such systems may be designed technically by embedded together communication, smart signals, internet of things, network of sensors.

A scheme for assessing technical teachers’ competencies in constructing assessment instruments in technical colleges in gombe state

Abstract: Scheme for Assessing Technical Teachers’ Competencies for Constructing Assessment Instruments (SATTCCAI) that will improve technical teachers’ competencies for constructing classroom assessment instruments was developed and validated in this study. The study used instrumentation research design. The population for the study was 96 technical teachers in technical colleges in Gombe State. The study answered one research question and tested two hypotheses. Data collected were analyzed using statistical mean, Cronbach’s Alpha t-test and one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result of the study showed that 26 items were found important for the SATTCCAI. The instrument was found to possess a high reliability of 0.82. It was therefore, recommended amongst others that technical teachers in technical colleges in Gombe States should use the SATTCCAI for constructing assessment instruments.