Showing papers by "Cairo University published in 2011"
TL;DR: A survey of speech emotion classification addressing three important aspects of the design of a speech emotion recognition system, the choice of suitable features for speech representation, and the proper preparation of an emotional speech database for evaluating system performance are addressed.
1,735 citations
TL;DR: The data reveal some of the mechanisms by which stress-induced tRNA cleavage inhibits protein synthesis and activates a cytoprotective stress response program.
764 citations
TL;DR: A new, fast, yet reliable method for the construction of PIs for NN predictions, and the quantitative comparison with three traditional techniques for prediction interval construction reveals that the LUBE method is simpler, faster, and more reliable.
Abstract: Prediction intervals (PIs) have been proposed in the literature to provide more information by quantifying the level of uncertainty associated to the point forecasts. Traditional methods for construction of neural network (NN) based PIs suffer from restrictive assumptions about data distribution and massive computational loads. In this paper, we propose a new, fast, yet reliable method for the construction of PIs for NN predictions. The proposed lower upper bound estimation (LUBE) method constructs an NN with two outputs for estimating the prediction interval bounds. NN training is achieved through the minimization of a proposed PI-based objective function, which covers both interval width and coverage probability. The method does not require any information about the upper and lower bounds of PIs for training the NN. The simulated annealing method is applied for minimization of the cost function and adjustment of NN parameters. The demonstrated results for 10 benchmark regression case studies clearly show the LUBE method to be capable of generating high-quality PIs in a short time. Also, the quantitative comparison with three traditional techniques for prediction interval construction reveals that the LUBE method is simpler, faster, and more reliable.
533 citations
Monash University1, King Abdulaziz Medical City2, King Saud University3, Alexandria University4, Bombay Hospital, Indore5, National Taiwan University6, China Medical University (PRC)7, Cairo University8, Yonsei University9, University of Tokyo10, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital11, Ain Shams University12, Memorial Hospital of South Bend13, Prince of Songkla University14, American University of Beirut15, University of Ulsan16, University of Geneva17
TL;DR: The hepatitis C pandemic has been systematically studied and characterized in North America and Europe, but this important public health problem has not received equivalent attention in other regions.
Abstract: Background: The hepatitis C pandemic has been systematically studied and characterized in North America and Europe, but this important public health problem has not received equivalent attention in other regions. Aim: The objective of this systematic review was to characterize hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology in selected countries of Asia, Australia and Egypt, i.e. in a geographical area inhabited by over 40% of the global population. Methodology: Data references were identified through indexed journals and non-indexed sources. In this work, 7770 articles were reviewed and 690 were selected based on their relevance. Results: We estimated that 49.3‐64.0 million adults in Asia, Australia and Egypt are anti-HCV positive. China alone has more HCV infections than all of Europe or the Americas. While most countries had prevalence rates from 1 to 2% we documented several with relatively high prevalence rates, including Egypt (15%), Pakistan (4.7%) and Taiwan (4.4%). Nosocomial infection, blood transfusion (before screening) and injection drug use were identified as common risk factors in the region. Genotype 1 was common in Australia, China, Taiwan and other countries in North Asia, while genotype 6 was found in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries. In India and Pakistan genotype 3 was predominant, while genotype 4w as found in Middle Eastern countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Syria. Conclusion: We recommend implementation of surveillance systems to guide effective public health policy that may lead to the eventual curtailment of the spread of this pandemic infection.
515 citations
TL;DR: The quality of PIs produced by the combiners is dramatically better than the quality ofPIs obtained from each individual method and a new method for generating combined PIs using the traditional PIs is proposed.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the four leading techniques proposed in the literature for construction of prediction intervals (PIs) for neural network point forecasts. The delta, Bayesian, bootstrap, and mean-variance estimation (MVE) methods are reviewed and their performance for generating high-quality PIs is compared. PI-based measures are proposed and applied for the objective and quantitative assessment of each method's performance. A selection of 12 synthetic and real-world case studies is used to examine each method's performance for PI construction. The comparison is performed on the basis of the quality of generated PIs, the repeatability of the results, the computational requirements and the PIs variability with regard to the data uncertainty. The obtained results in this paper indicate that: 1) the delta and Bayesian methods are the best in terms of quality and repeatability, and 2) the MVE and bootstrap methods are the best in terms of low computational load and the width variability of PIs. This paper also introduces the concept of combinations of PIs, and proposes a new method for generating combined PIs using the traditional PIs. Genetic algorithm is applied for adjusting the combiner parameters through minimization of a PI-based cost function subject to two sets of restrictions. It is shown that the quality of PIs produced by the combiners is dramatically better than the quality of PIs obtained from each individual method.
481 citations
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich1, University of the Sunshine Coast2, University of Santiago, Chile3, Moscow State University4, King Juan Carlos University5, Anadolu University6, University of Bucharest7, Cairo University8, California State University, Long Beach9, Rio de Janeiro State University10, Colorado State University11, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev12, Austrian Academy of Sciences13, University of Colorado Boulder14, United International College15
TL;DR: This paper conducted a survey of 1800 journalists from 18 countries and found that detachment, non-involvement, providing political information and monitoring the government are considered essential journalistic functions around the globe.
Abstract: This article reports key findings from a comparative survey of the role perceptions, epistemological orientations and ethical views of 1800 journalists from 18 countries. The results show that detachment, non-involvement, providing political information and monitoring the government are considered essential journalistic functions around the globe. Impartiality, the reliability and factualness of information, as well as adherence to universal ethical principles are also valued worldwide, though their perceived importance varies across countries. Various aspects of interventionism, objectivism and the importance of separating facts from opinion, on the other hand, seem to play out differently around the globe. Western journalists are generally less supportive of any active promotion of particular values, ideas and social change, and they adhere more to universal principles in their ethical decisions. Journalists from non-western contexts, on the other hand, tend to be more interventionist in their role perceptions and more flexible in their ethical views.
458 citations
Duke University1, University of Pennsylvania2, University of Birmingham3, University of Strasbourg4, St James's University Hospital5, University of Michigan6, Baylor College of Medicine7, National Institutes of Health8, Heidelberg University9, University of Geneva10, Cairo University11, University of Zurich12, University of Utah13, Istanbul University14, University of Hawaii at Manoa15, RWTH Aachen University16, University of Paris17, University College London18, University of California, San Diego19, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine20
TL;DR: It is shown that mutations in TTC21B, which encodes the retrograde intraflagellar transport protein IFT139, cause both isolated nephronophthisis and syndromic Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy.
Abstract: Ciliary dysfunction leads to a broad range of overlapping phenotypes, collectively termed ciliopathies. This grouping is underscored by genetic overlap, where causal genes can also contribute modifier alleles to clinically distinct disorders. Here we show that mutations in TTC21B, which encodes the retrograde intraflagellar transport protein IFT139, cause both isolated nephronophthisis and syndromic Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Moreover, although resequencing of TTC21B in a large, clinically diverse ciliopathy cohort and matched controls showed a similar frequency of rare changes, in vivo and in vitro evaluations showed a significant enrichment of pathogenic alleles in cases (P < 0.003), suggesting that TTC21B contributes pathogenic alleles to ∼5% of ciliopathy cases. Our data illustrate how genetic lesions can be both causally associated with diverse ciliopathies and interact in trans with other disease-causing genes and highlight how saturated resequencing followed by functional analysis of all variants informs the genetic architecture of inherited disorders.
348 citations
University of Michigan1, University of Miami2, University of California, Los Angeles3, University of Padua4, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg5, Technische Universität München6, University of Paris7, University of Cologne8, Hacettepe University9, Gazi University10, Charité11, University of Würzburg12, Ege University13, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg14, Pablo de Olavide University15, Konan University16, Hannover Medical School17, Akdeniz University18, Cairo University19
TL;DR: 6 different mutations in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis monooxygenase 6 (COQ6) in 13 individuals from 7 families were identified and each mutation was linked to early-onset SRNS with sensorineural deafness, suggesting that coen enzyme Q10-related forms of SRNS and hearing loss can be molecularly identified and potentially treated.
Abstract: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a frequent cause of end-stage renal failure. Identification of single-gene causes of SRNS has generated some insights into its pathogenesis; however, additional genes and disease mechanisms remain obscure, and SRNS continues to be treatment refractory. Here we have identified 6 different mutations in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis monooxygenase 6 (COQ6) in 13 individuals from 7 families by homozygosity mapping. Each mutation was linked to early-onset SRNS with sensorineural deafness. The deleterious effects of these human COQ6 mutations were validated by their lack of complementation in coq6-deficient yeast. Furthermore, knockdown of Coq6 in podocyte cell lines and coq6 in zebrafish embryos caused apoptosis that was partially reversed by coenzyme Q10 treatment. In rats, COQ6 was located within cell processes and the Golgi apparatus of renal glomerular podocytes and in stria vascularis cells of the inner ear, consistent with an oto-renal disease phenotype. These data suggest that coenzyme Q10-related forms of SRNS and hearing loss can be molecularly identified and potentially treated.
341 citations
David M.S. McHugh1, Cynthia A. Cameron, Jose E. Abdenur2, Mahera Abdulrahman +242 more•Institutions (75)
TL;DR: An unprecedented level of cooperation and collaboration has allowed the objective definition of cutoff target ranges for 114 markers to be applied to newborn screening of rare metabolic disorders.
303 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for events with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in a data sample of pp collisions collected at 7 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC.
Abstract: A search for events with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in a data sample of pp collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.14 inverse femtobarns. In this search, a kinematic variable, alphaT, is used as the main discriminator between events with genuine and misreconstructed missing transverse energy. No excess of events over the standard model expectation is found. Exclusion limits in the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model are set. In this model, squark masses below 1.1 TeV are excluded at 95% CL. Gluino masses below 1.1 TeV are also ruled out at 95% CL for values of the universal scalar mass parameter below 500 GeV.
300 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption behavior of some low-cost adsorbents such as peanut husk charcoal, fly ash, and natural zeolite, with respect to Cu 2+, and Zn 2+ ions, has been studied in order to consider its application to the purification of metal finishing wastewater.
TL;DR: The shifted Chebyshev operational matrix (COM) of fractional derivatives is derived and used together with spectral methods for solving FDEs and the proposed algorithms are applied to solve two types ofFDEs, linear and nonlinear, subject to initial or boundary conditions.
Abstract: We are concerned with linear and nonlinear multi-term fractional differential equations (FDEs). The shifted Chebyshev operational matrix (COM) of fractional derivatives is derived and used together with spectral methods for solving FDEs. Our approach was based on the shifted Chebyshev tau and collocation methods. The proposed algorithms are applied to solve two types of FDEs, linear and nonlinear, subject to initial or boundary conditions, and the exact solutions are obtained for some tested problems. Numerical results with comparisons are given to confirm the reliability of the proposed method for some FDEs.
TL;DR: The biggest challenges identified for low-income countries were little community awareness that breast cancer is treatable, inadequate advanced pathology services for diagnosis and staging, and fragmented treatment options, especially for the administration of radiotherapy and the full range of systemic treatments.
Abstract: The purpose of the Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) 2010 summit was to provide a consensus analysis of breast cancer control issues and implementation strategies for low-income and middle-income countries (LMCs), where advanced stages at presentation and poor diagnostic and treatment capacities contribute to lower breast cancer survival rates than in high-income countries. Health system and patient-related barriers were identified that create common clinical scenarios in which women do not present for diagnosis until their cancer has progressed to locally advanced or metastatic stages. As countries progress to higher economic status, the rate of late presentation is expected to decrease, and diagnostic and treatment resources are expected to improve. Health-care systems in LMCs share many challenges including national or regional data collection, programme infrastructure and capacity (including appropriate equipment and drug acquisitions, and professional training and accreditation), the need for qualitative and quantitative research to support decision making, and strategies to improve patient access and compliance as well as public, health-care professional, and policy-maker awareness that breast cancer is a cost-effective, treatable disease. The biggest challenges identified for low-income countries were little community awareness that breast cancer is treatable, inadequate advanced pathology services for diagnosis and staging, and fragmented treatment options, especially for the administration of radiotherapy and the full range of systemic treatments. The biggest challenges identified for middle-resource countries were the establishment and maintenance of data registries, the coordination of multidisciplinary centres of excellence with broad outreach programmes to provide community access to cancer diagnosis and treatment, and the resource-appropriate prioritisation of breast cancer control programmes within the framework of existing, functional health-care systems.
TL;DR: A new formula expressing explicitly the derivatives of shifted Chebyshev polynomials of any degree and for any fractional-order in terms of shiftedChebyshevs themselves is state and prove.
TL;DR: A review of the different metal oxides commonly used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization is provided in this article.
Abstract: Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical value. However, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification generally requires more severe operating conditions, and the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is generally lower than that of the commonly used homogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Many metal oxides have been studied for the transesterification process of oils; these include alkali earth metal oxides, transition metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and supported metal oxides. The use of solid metal oxides as catalysts in oil transesterification is well established, accordingly, researchers’ attempts are now focused on how to attain the highest catalyst activity. Catalyst activity is a function of its specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. High specific surface area, strong base strength and high concentration of base sites are characteristics of an active transesterification catalyst. This review provides a brief overview of the different metal oxides frequently used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization. Reaction conditions and catalyst leaching analysis are also highlighted. Finally, concluding remarks regarding catalyst selection and catalyst preparation steps are provided.
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview of the actual knowledge on the atmospheric pollution sources, transport, transformation and levels in the East Mediterranean is provided, focusing both on the background atmosphere and on the similarities and differences between the urban areas that exhibited important urbanization the past years: the two megacities Istanbul, Cairo and the Athens extended area.
Athens State University1, University of Barcelona2, Autonomous University of Barcelona3, European Medicines Agency4, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico5, Institut de veille sanitaire6, University College London7, Cairo University8, Health Protection Scotland9, University of Michigan10, Hannover Medical School11, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens12, European Parliament13, University of Milan14, University of Turin15, Carlos III Health Institute16, Imperial College London17, University of Antwerp18, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction19, Erasmus University Rotterdam20
TL;DR: For both HBV and HCV, screening of individuals who present a high risk of contracting the virus is critical given the asymptomatic, and thereby silent, nature of disease.
Abstract: Summary. Worldwide, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause, respectively, 600 000 and 350 000 deaths each year. Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer, which in turn ranks as the third cause of cancer death worldwide. Within the WHO European region, approximately 14 million people are chronically infected with HBV, and nine million people are chronically infected with HCV. Lack of reliable epidemiological data on HBV and HCV is one of the biggest hurdles to advancing policy. Risk groups such as migrants and injecting drug users (IDU) tend to be under-represented in existing prevalence studies; thus, targeted surveillance is urgently needed to correctly estimate the burden of HBV and HCV. The most effective means of prevention against HBV is vaccination, and most European Union (EU) countries have universal vaccination programmes. For both HBV and HCV, screening of individuals who present a high risk of contracting the virus is critical given the asymptomatic, and thereby silent, nature of disease. Screening of migrants and IDUs has been shown to be effective and potentially cost-effective. There have been significant advances in the treatment of HCV and HBV in recent years, but health care professionals remain poorly aware of treatment options. Greater professional training is needed on the management of hepatitis including the treatment of liver cancer to encourage adherence to guidelines and offer patients the best possible outcomes. Viral hepatitis knows no borders. EU Member States, guided by the EU, need to work in a concerted manner to implement lasting, effective policies and programmes and make tackling viral hepatitis a public health priority.
TL;DR: This study confirms that pregnancy in women with history of breast cancer is safe and does not compromise their overall survival, and breast cancer survivors should not be denied the opportunity of future conception.
TL;DR: In this paper, different compositions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blends have been prepared using the casting method using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), TGA and dielectric spectroscopy of all compositions.
Abstract: Films with different compositions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blends have been prepared using the casting method. Differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dielectric spectroscopy of all compositions have been investigated. It was found that PVA and CMC are compatible in the studied range of composition. With increasing CMC content, the thermal stability of PVA increases. Based on DSC and TGA data, the activation energies of all the investigated samples were calculated. The absorption edge ( E a ) was also determined from Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra. Dielectric permittivity, loss tangent and ac conductivity of all samples were studied as functions of temperature and frequency. The results show that the dielectric dispersion consists of both dipolar and interfacial polarization. The frequency dependence of the ac conductivity indicates that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) is the most suitable mechanism for conduction. The polaron binding energy ( U M ) was determined. Results of the present system are compared with those of similar materials.
TL;DR: The results obtained showed that the hydrogel prepared at concentration of 40% acrylamide (AAm) and at a radiation dose of 5 kGy has high removal efficiency of crude oil 2.3g/g at pH 3.3 and behaves as a pseudo-second-order kinetic models rather than the pseudo-first- order kinetic model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated users' thermal comfort in an urban park in Cairo, Egypt during the hot and cold months using subjective surveys and field measurements, which revealed an alteration in human comfort sensation between different landscape zones.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CTSB may be a potential prognostic marker for lymph node metastasis in IBC, and may initiate proteolytic pathways crucial for IBC invasion.
Abstract: Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. In non-IBC, the cysteine protease cathepsin B (CTSB) is known to be involved in cancer progression and invasion; however, very little is known about its role in IBC. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 23 IBC and 27 non-IBC patients. All patient tissues used for analysis were from untreated patients. Using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, we assessed the levels of expression of CTSB in IBC versus non-IBC patient tissues. Previously, we found that CTSB is localized to caveolar membrane microdomains in cancer cell lines including IBC, and therefore, we also examined the expression of caveolin-1 (cav1), a structural protein of caveolae in IBC versus non-IBC tissues. In addition, we tested the correlation between the expression of CTSB and cav-1 and the number of positive metastatic lymph nodes in both patient groups. Results: Our results revealed that CTSB and cav-1 were overexpressed in IBC as compared to non-IBC tissues. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the expression of CTSB and the number of positive metastatic lymph nodes in IBC. Conclusions: CTSB may initiate proteolytic pathways crucial for IBC invasion. Thus, our data demonstrate that CTSB may be a potential prognostic marker for lymph node metastasis in IBC.
TL;DR: Cognitively evaluating miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics found it can be a feasible treatment modality for adults seeking Orthodontic treatment with reduced treatment times.
TL;DR: A novel sustained release proniosomal system was designed using sugar esters as non-ionic surfactants in which proniosomes were converted to niosomes upon skin water hydration following topical application under occlusive conditions.
TL;DR: Oral administration of the olive leaf extract showed a dose dependent prophylactic effect against the rise in blood pressure induced by L-NAME, best effects being induced by a dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract.
Abstract: A specially prepared olive leaf extract (EFLA 943) has been tested for its blood pressure lowering activity in rats rendered hypertensive by daily oral doses of L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 50 mg/kg) for at least 4 weeks. Oral administration of the extract at different dose levels at the same time as L-NAME for a period of 8 weeks showed a dose dependent prophylactic effect against the rise in blood pressure induced by L-NAME, best effects being induced by a dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract. In rats previously rendered hypertensive by L-NAME for 6 weeks and then treated with that dose of the extract for a further 6 weeks without discontinuation of L-NAME, normalisation of the blood pressure was observed. The findings confirm previous reports on the hypotensive effects of olive leaf. The special extract, EFLA 943, was shown to give consistent results with little individual variability. The antihypertensive effect of the extract may be related to a variety of factors involving reversal of vascular changes involved in the L-NAME induced hypertension.
TL;DR: In the largest cohort to date, a wide spectrum of phenotypes and biological profiles in patients with 5α-reductase deficiency, whatever their geographical or ethnic origins, are demonstrated.
Abstract: In this cohort of 55 patients with 5α-reductase deficiency, we demonstrate a wide spectrum of phenotypes and biological profiles, whatever their geographical or ethnic origins.
TL;DR: In vivo release rate in digestive tract of rainbow trout nearly showed the same trend as the in vitro one, and the shelf life of encapsulated vitamin C increased as compared with its non-encapsulated counterpart.
TL;DR: The cytoprotective effect of the extracts could be partly due to their flavonoid content and to their free radical scavenging properties, and the anti-ulcerogenic activity was also confirmed histologically.
Abstract: Extracts from the plants Iberis amara, Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita, Carum carvi, Mentha × piperita, Glycyrrhtza glabra, Angelica archangelica, S-lybum marianum and Chelidonium majus, singly and combined in the form of a commercial preparation, STW 5 (Iberogast®) and a modified formulation, STW 5-II, lacking the last 3 constituents, were tested for their potential anti-ulcerogenic activity against indometacin induced gastric ulcers of the rat as well as for their antisecretory and cytoprotective activities. All extracts produced a dose dependent anti-ulcerogenic activity associated with a reduced acid output and an increased mucin secretion, an increase in prostaglandin E2 release and a decrease in leukotrienes. The effect on pepsin content was rather variable and did not seem to bear a relationship with the anti-ulcerogenic activity. The most beneficial effects were observed with the com-bined formulations STW 5 and STW 5-II in a dose of 10 ml/kg b.w., comparable with cimetidine in a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. The anti-ulcerogenic activity of the extracts was also confirmed histologically. The cytoprotective effect of the extracts could be partly due to their flavonoid content and to their free radical scavenging properties.
University of Science and Technology of China1, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign2, Massachusetts Institute of Technology3, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility4, California State University, Los Angeles5, University of Glasgow6, College of William & Mary7, Duquesne University8, Old Dominion University9, University of Virginia10, Hampton University11, Duke University12, Istituto Superiore di Sanità13, University of Bari14, University of Kentucky15, Mississippi State University16, Rutgers University17, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology18, Los Alamos National Laboratory19, Longwood University20, Brookhaven National Laboratory21, Cairo University22, Kyungpook National University23, Kent State University24, University of New Hampshire25, Florida International University26, University of Massachusetts Amherst27, Temple University28, University of Auvergne29, Seoul National University30, Carnegie Mellon University31, California Institute of Technology32, Syracuse University33, University of Ljubljana34, Lanzhou University35
TL;DR: In this article, the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive ^3He(e,e^′π^±)X reaction on a transversely polarized target was reported.
Abstract: We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive ^3He(e,e^′π^±)X reaction on a transversely polarized target The experiment, conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 59 GeV electron beam, covers a range of 016
TL;DR: In this paper, the changes in phytate, phytase activity and in vitro bioavailability of iron and zinc during soaking and germination of three white sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), named Dorado, Shandweel-6, and Giza-15 were investigated.
Abstract: The changes in phytate, phytase activity and in vitro bioavailability of iron and zinc during soaking and germination of three white sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), named Dorado, Shandweel-6, and Giza-15 were investigated. Sorghum varieties were soaked for 20 h and germinated for 72 h after soaking for 20 h to reduce phytate content and increase iron and zinc in vitro bioavailability. The results revealed that iron and zinc content was significantly reduced from 28.16 to 32.16% and 13.78 to 26.69% for soaking treatment and 38.43 to 39.18% and 21.80 to 31.27% for germination treatments, respectively. Phytate content was significantly reduced from 23.59 to 32.40% for soaking treatment and 24.92 to 35.27% for germination treatments, respectively. Phytase enzymes will be activated during drying in equal form in all varieties. The results proved that the main distinct point is the change of phytase activity as well as specific activity during different treatment which showed no significant differences between the varieties used. The in vitro bioavailability of iron and zinc were significantly improved as a result of soaking and germination treatments.