Showing papers by "Capital Medical University published in 2010"
University of Tokyo1, University of Indonesia2, National Taiwan University3, Chang Gung University4, Kindai University5, Seoul National University6, University of Hong Kong7, Capital Medical University8, Yonsei University9, Aga Khan University10, Singapore General Hospital11, Seoul National University Hospital12, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research13, University of Delhi14
TL;DR: Recommendations on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma were presented at the fourth APASL single topic conference on viral-related HCC at Bali, Indonesia and approved by the participants of the conference.
Abstract: Introduction
The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) convened an international working party on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in December 2008 to develop consensus recommendations.
968 citations
TL;DR: The results show that nanoparticles should no longer be viewed as simple carriers for biomedical applications, but can also play an active role in mediating biological effects, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeleton formation, adhesion and migration.
854 citations
TL;DR: The localization of ACE2 expression in the endocrine part of the pancreas suggests that SARS coronavirus enters islets using ACE2 as its receptor and damages islets causing acute diabetes.
Abstract: Multiple organ damage in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients is common; however, the pathogenesis remains controversial. This study was to determine whether the damage was correlated with expression of the SARS coronavirus receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in different organs, especially in the endocrine tissues of the pancreas, and to elucidate the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in SARS patients. The effect of clinical variables on survival was estimated in 135 SARS patients who died, 385 hospitalized SARS patients who survived, and 19 patients with non-SARS pneumonia. A total of 39 SARS patients who had no previous diabetes and received no steroid treatment were compared to 39 matched healthy siblings during a 3-year follow-up period. The pattern of SARS coronavirus receptor-ACE2 proteins in different human organs was also studied. Significant elevations in oxygen saturation, serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but not in alanine transaminase were predictors for death. Abundant ACE2 immunostaining was found in lung, kidney, heart, and islets of pancreas, but not in hepatocytes. Twenty of the 39 followed-up patients were diabetic during hospitalization. After 3 years, only two of these patients had diabetes. Compared with their non-SARS siblings, these patients exhibited no significant differences in FPG, postprandial glucose (PPG), and insulin levels. The organ involvements of SARS correlated with organ expression of ACE2. The localization of ACE2 expression in the endocrine part of the pancreas suggests that SARS coronavirus enters islets using ACE2 as its receptor and damages islets causing acute diabetes.
820 citations
University of Freiburg1, Johns Hopkins University2, University of Lübeck3, University of Regensburg4, University of Washington5, University of Maryland, Baltimore6, Washington University in St. Louis7, Boston University8, University of Iceland9, National Institutes of Health10, Memorial Hospital of South Bend11, Erasmus University Rotterdam12, University of Greifswald13, McMaster University14, Mayo Clinic15, University of Mainz16, Wake Forest University17, Harvard University18, University of Basel19, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute20, Innsbruck Medical University21, Leipzig University22, Western General Hospital23, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston24, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center25, University of Pittsburgh26, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich27, University of Ulm28, University of Edinburgh29, University of Split30, University of Zagreb31, Uppsala University32, University of Kiel33, University of London34, University of Oxford35, Amgen36, University of Michigan37, University of Geneva38, Capital Medical University39, University of California, San Francisco40, Heidelberg University41
TL;DR: The CKDGen consortium performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 67,093 individuals of European ancestry to identify new susceptibility loci for reduced renal function as estimated by serum creatinine, serum cystatin c and CKD.
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem, and recent genetic studies have identified common CKD susceptibility variants. The CKDGen consortium performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 67,093 individuals of European ancestry from 20 predominantly population-based studies in order to identify new susceptibility loci for reduced renal function as estimated by serum creatinine (eGFRcrea), serum cystatin c (eGFRcys) and CKD (eGFRcrea < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2); n = 5,807 individuals with CKD (cases)). Follow-up of the 23 new genome-wide-significant loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)) in 22,982 replication samples identified 13 new loci affecting renal function and CKD (in or near LASS2, GCKR, ALMS1, TFDP2, DAB2, SLC34A1, VEGFA, PRKAG2, PIP5K1B, ATXN2, DACH1, UBE2Q2 and SLC7A9) and 7 loci suspected to affect creatinine production and secretion (CPS1, SLC22A2, TMEM60, WDR37, SLC6A13, WDR72 and BCAS3). These results further our understanding of the biologic mechanisms of kidney function by identifying loci that potentially influence nephrogenesis, podocyte function, angiogenesis, solute transport and metabolic functions of the kidney.
756 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the motor execution network gradually shifted towards a random mode during the recovery process, which suggests that a less optimized reorganization is involved in regaining function in the affected limbs.
Abstract: Numerous studies argue that cortical reorganization may contribute to the restoration of motor function following stroke. However, the evolution of changes during the post-stroke reorganization has been little studied. This study sought to identify dynamic changes in the functional organization, particularly topological characteristics, of the motor execution network during the stroke recovery process. Ten patients (nine male and one female) with subcortical infarctions were assessed by neurological examination and scanned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging across five consecutive time points in a single year. The motor execution network of each subject was constructed using a functional connectivity matrix between 21 brain regions and subsequently analysed using graph theoretical approaches. Dynamic changes in topological configuration of the network during the process of recovery were evaluated by a mixed model. We found that the motor execution network gradually shifted towards a random mode during the recovery process, which suggests that a less optimized reorganization is involved in regaining function in the affected limbs. Significantly increased regional centralities within the network were observed in the ipsilesional primary motor area and contralesional cerebellum, whereas the ipsilesional cerebellum showed decreased regional centrality. Functional connectivity to these brain regions demonstrated consistent alterations over time. Notably, these measures correlated with different clinical variables, which provided support that the findings may reflect the adaptive reorganization of the motor execution network in stroke patients. In conclusion, the study expands our understanding of the spectrum of changes occurring in the brain after stroke and provides a new avenue for investigating lesion-induced network plasticity.
563 citations
TL;DR: Stalder et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a new method based on the Young-Laplace equation for measuring contact angles and surface tension, which can be used to measure axisymmetric sessile drops.
563 citations
TL;DR: In open-angle glaucoma with normal IOP, CSf-P is abnormally low, leading to an abnormally high trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference, and in nonglaucomatous subjects, CSF-P, blood pressure, and IOP are significantly associated with each other.
469 citations
Zhengzhou University1, Anhui Medical University2, Xinjiang Medical University3, Shihezi University4, Henan University5, Capital Medical University6, Henan University of Science and Technology7, Shandong University8, Inner Mongolia Medical University9, Shantou University10, Sichuan University11, Nanjing Medical University12, Fujian Medical University13, Kunming Institute of Zoology14, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital15, Zhejiang University16, University of Illinois at Chicago17, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey18, Peking University19
TL;DR: A previously unknown susceptibility locus for ESCC is identified: PLCE1 at 10q23, which might regulate cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis and has important biological implications for both ESCC and GCA.
Abstract: Li Dong Wang and colleagues report a genome wide association study for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. They identify two risk loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54.
364 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that PDLSCs possess low immunogenicity and marked immunosuppression via PGE2‐induced T‐cell anergy and it is found that prostaglandin E2 plays a crucial role in PDL SCs‐mediated immunomodulation and periodontal tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract: Periodontitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in humans. It is the main cause of tooth loss and associated with a number of systemic diseases. Until now, there is no appropriate method for functional periodontal tissue regeneration. Here, we establish a novel approach of using allogeneic periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) sheet to curing periodontitis in a miniature pig periodontitis model. Significant periodontal tissue regeneration was achieved in both the autologous and the allogeneic PDLSCs transplantation group at 12 weeks post-PDLSCs transplantation. Based on clinical assessments, computed tomography (CT) scanning, and histological examination, there was no marked difference between the autologous and allogeneic PDLSCs transplantation groups. In addition, lack of immunological rejections in the animals that received the allogeneic PDLSCs transplantation was observed. Interestingly, we found that human PDLSCs fail to express human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II DR and costimulatory molecules. PDLSCs were not able to elicit T-cell proliferation and inhibit T-cell proliferation when stimulated with mismatched major histocompatibility complex molecules. Furthermore, we found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a crucial role in PDLSCs-mediated immunomodulation and periodontal tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrated that PDLSCs possess low immunogenicity and marked immunosuppression via PGE2-induced T-cell anergy. We developed a standard technological procedure of using allogeneic PDLSCs to cure periodontitis in swine. Stem Cells 2010;28:1829–1838
336 citations
TL;DR: The immunomodulatory properties of SHED in comparison to BMMSCs were examined and it was found that SHED had significant effects on inhibiting T helper 17 (Th17) cells in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have been identified as a population of postnatal stem cells capable of differentiating into osteogenic and odontogenic cells, adipogenic cells, and neural cells. Herein we have characterized mesenchymal stem cell properties of SHED in comparison to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). We used in vitro stem cell analysis approaches, including flow cytometry, inductive differentiation, telomerase activity, and Western blot analysis to assess multipotent differentiation of SHED and in vivo implantation to assess tissue regeneration of SHED. In addition, we utilized systemic SHED transplantation to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like MRL/lpr mice. We found that SHED are capable of differentiating into osteogenic and adipogenic cells, expressing mesenchymal surface molecules (STRO-1, CD146, SSEA4, CD73, CD105, and CD166), and activating multiple signaling pathways, including TGFβ, ERK, Akt, Wnt, and PDGF. Recently, BMMSCs were shown to possess an immunomodulatory function that leads to successful therapies for immune diseases. We examined the immunomodulatory properties of SHED in comparison to BMMSCs and found that SHED had significant effects on inhibiting T helper 17 (Th17) cells in vitro. Moreover, we found that SHED transplantation is capable of effectively reversing SLE-associated disorders in MRL/lpr mice. At the cellular level, SHED transplantation elevated the ratio of regulatory T cells (Tregs) via Th17 cells. These data suggest that SHED are an accessible and feasible mesenchymal stem cell source for treating immune disorders like SLE.
316 citations
TL;DR: Results prove that the SN-PEG-Dtxl has low toxicity and high therapy efficacy, which provides convincing evidence for the silica nanorattle as a promising candidate for a drug delivery system.
Abstract: Mesoporous silica nanomaterial is one of the most promising candidates as drug carrier for cancer therapy. Herein, in vitro and in vivo study of silica nanorattle (SN) with mesoporous and rattle-type structure as a drug delivery system was first reported. Hydrophobic antitumor drug docetaxel (Dtxl) was loaded into the PEGylated silica nanorattle (SN-PEG) with a diameter of 125 nm via electrostatic absorption. In human liver cancer cell Hep-G2, the half-maximum inhibiting concentration (IC50) of silica nanorattle encapsulated docetaxel (SN-PEG-Dtxl) was only 7% of that of free Dtxl at 72 h. In vivo toxicity assessment showed that both nanocarrier of silica nanorattle (40 mg/kg, single dose) and SN-PEG-Dtxl (20 mg/kg of Dtxl, three doses) had low systematic toxicity in healthy ICR mice. The SN-PEG-Dtxl (20 mg/kg, intravenously) showed greater antitumor activity with about 15% enhanced tumor inhibition rate compared with Taxotere on the marine hepatocarcinoma 22 subcutaneous model. The results prove that the...
TL;DR: It is suggested that abnormal DMN activity could be useful as an imaging-based biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of aMCI patients.
TL;DR: To the knowledge, these data indicate for the first time that miR-221/222 directly regulate apoptosis by targeting PUMA in glioblastoma and thatmiR- 221/222 could be potential therapeutic targets for gliOBlastoma intervention.
Abstract: MiR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) are frequently up-regulated in various types of human malignancy including glioblastoma. Recent studies have reported that miR-221/222 regulate cell growth and cell cycle progression by targeting p27 and p57. However the underlying mechanism involved in cell survival modulation of miR-221/222 remains elusive. Here we showed that miR-221/222 inhibited cell apoptosis by targeting pro-apoptotic gene PUMA in human glioma cells. Enforced expression of miR-22/222 induced cell survival whereas knockdown of miR-221/222 rendered cells to apoptosis. Further, miR-221/222 reduced PUMA protein levels by targeting PUMA-3'UTR. Introducing PUMA cDNA without 3'UTR abrogated miR-221/222-induced cell survival. Notably, knockdown of miR-221/222 induces PUMA expression and cell apoptosis and considerably decreases tumor growth in xenograft model. Finally, there was an inverse relationship between PUMA and miR-221/222 expression in glioma tissues. To our knowledge, these data indicate for the first time that miR-221/222 directly regulate apoptosis by targeting PUMA in glioblastoma and that miR-221/222 could be potential therapeutic targets for glioblastoma intervention.
TL;DR: Clinical and experimental evidences supporting a potential efficacy and safety of utilizing autologous PDL cells in the treatment of human periodontitis are demonstrated.
Abstract: Objective
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder with widespread morbidities involving both oral and systemic health. The primary goal of periodontal treatment is the regeneration of the lost or diseased periodontium. In this study, we retrospectively examined feasibility and safety of reconstructing the periodontal intrabony defects with autologous periodontal ligament progenitor (PDLP) implantation in three patients.
26 Oct 2010
TL;DR: A generative graphical model is proposed which utilizes the heterogeneous link information and the textual content associated with each node in the network to mine topic-level direct influence and a topic- level influence propagation and aggregation algorithm is proposed to derive the indirect influence between nodes.
Abstract: Influence is a complex and subtle force that governs the dynamics of social networks as well as the behaviors of involved users. Understanding influence can benefit various applications such as viral marketing, recommendation, and information retrieval. However, most existing works on social influence analysis have focused on verifying the existence of social influence. Few works systematically investigate how to mine the strength of direct and indirect influence between nodes in heterogeneous networks. To address the problem, we propose a generative graphical model which utilizes the heterogeneous link information and the textual content associated with each node in the network to mine topic-level direct influence. Based on the learned direct influence, a topic-level influence propagation and aggregation algorithm is proposed to derive the indirect influence between nodes. We further study how the discovered topic-level influence can help the prediction of user behaviors. We validate the approach on three different genres of data sets: Twitter, Digg, and citation networks. Qualitatively, our approach can discover interesting influence patterns in heterogeneous networks. Quantitatively, the learned topic-level influence can greatly improve the accuracy of user behavior prediction.
TL;DR: Myopic retinopathy was associated with increased age, worse best-corrected visual acuity, deeper anterior chamber, larger optic disc, less age-related macular degeneration, and higher prevalence of open-angle glaucoma.
TL;DR: In this article, the safety and efficacy of recombinant human neuregulin-1 (rhNRG-1) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients were evaluated. But, the authors did not evaluate the effect of rhNRG on the LVEF.
TL;DR: A novel approach combining genome-wide association and high-throughput glycomics analysis of 2,705 individuals in three population cohorts showed that common variants in the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α (HNF1α) and fucosyltransferase genes FUT6 and FUT8 influence N-glycan levels in human plasma.
Abstract: Over half of all proteins are glycosylated, and alterations in glycosylation have been observed in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Attached glycans significantly affect protein function; but, contrary to polypeptides, they are not directly encoded by genes, and the complex processes that regulate their assembly are poorly understood. A novel approach combining genome-wide association and high-throughput glycomics analysis of 2,705 individuals in three population cohorts showed that common variants in the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α (HNF1α) and fucosyltransferase genes FUT6 and FUT8 influence N-glycan levels in human plasma. We show that HNF1α and its downstream target HNF4α regulate the expression of key fucosyltransferase and fucose biosynthesis genes. Moreover, we show that HNF1α is both necessary and sufficient to drive the expression of these genes in hepatic cells. These results reveal a new role for HNF1α as a master transcriptional regulator of multiple stages in the fucosylation process. This mechanism has implications for the regulation of immunity, embryonic development, and protein folding, as well as for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer, coronary heart disease, and metabolic and inflammatory disorders.
TL;DR: There was little evidence of regional differences in relative risk of cancer with higher BMI, apart from cancers of the oropharynx and larynx, where the association was inverse in ANZ and absent in Asia.
Abstract: Christine L. Parr, G. David Batty, Tai Hing Lam, Federica Barzi, Xianghua Fang, Suzanne C. Ho, Sun Ha Jee, Alireza Ansary-Moghaddam, Konrad Jamrozik, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Mark Woodward, Rachel R. Huxley, on behalf of the Asia-Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration
TL;DR: Retinal nerve degeneration is present in the retina of AD patients and this degeneration was likely localized preferentially to the superior and inferior quadrant, according to the fundus images.
TL;DR: The notion that optimizing rt-PA dosing is worthwhile when treating patients with PTE is supported, as Progressive improvements in RVDs, lung perfusion defects, and pulmonary artery obstructions were found to be similarly significant in both treatment groups.
TL;DR: Abnormalities in the intrinsic organization may be an underlying basis for the pronounced and prolonged negative bias in processing emotional information observed in major depressive disorder.
TL;DR: The data indicate that SHED, potentially derived from neural crest cells, may be an optimal source of postnatal stem cells for PD treatment, and transplantation of SHED spheres into the striatum of parkinsonian rats partially improved the apomorphine-evoked rotation of behavorial disorders.
Abstract: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have been identified as a novel population of postnatal stem cells capable of differentiating into neural cells, odontogenic cells, and adipocytes. SHED were reported to differentiate into neural cells based on cellular morphology and the expression of early neuronal markers when cultured under neural inductive conditions. This study therefore investigated the therapeutic efficacy of SHED in alleviating Parkinson's disease (PD) in a rat model. We found that SHED could be induced to form neural-like spheres in a medium optimized for neural stem cells in vitro. After incubation with a cocktail of cytokines including sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 8, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and forskolin, these SHED-derived spheres further differentiated into a cell population that contained specific dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, transplantation of SHED spheres into the striatum of parkinsonian rats partially improved the apomorphine-evoked rotation of behavorial disorders compared to transplantation of control SHED. Our data indicate that SHED, potentially derived from neural crest cells, may be an optimal source of postnatal stem cells for PD treatment.
TL;DR: The results suggest that isoflurane may induce apoptosis through Bcl-2 family proteins- and ROS-associated mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, which will promote more studies aimed at studying the potential neurotoxic effects of anesthetics.
TL;DR: Examination of the effect of PGC-1 alpha deficiency on oxidative stress and expression of a group of mitochondrial antioxidants in normal hearts and in hearts exposed to chronic systolic pressure overload produced by transverse aortic constriction indicates that PGC -1 alpha plays an important role in regulating expression of myocardial mitochondrial antioxidants SOD2 and Trx2 and in protecting hearts against TAC-inducedMyocardial oxidative stress, hypertrophy, and dysfunction.
Abstract: Mitochondria are a principal site for generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heart. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and myocardial metabolism, but whether PGC-1α can simultaneously upregulate myocardial mitochondrial antioxidants has not been studied. In the present study, we examined the effect of PGC-1α deficiency (PGC-1α−/−) on oxidative stress and expression of a group of mitochondrial antioxidants in normal hearts and in hearts exposed to chronic systolic pressure overload produced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We found that PGC-1α−/− caused moderate but significant decreases of myocardial mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes such as SOD2, and thioredoxin (Trx2), but had no effect on expression of myocardial oxidative stress markers and left ventricular (LV) function under basal conditions. However, in response to TAC for 6 weeks, PGC-1α−/− mice showed greater increases of ...
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that systemic infusion with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prevents and cures BRONJ‐like disease possibly via induction of peripheral tolerance, shown as an inhibition of Th17 and increase in Treg cells.
Abstract: Patients on high-dose bisphosphonate and immunosuppressive therapy have an increased risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ); despite the disease severity, its pathophysiology remains unknown, and appropriate therapy is not established. Here we have developed a mouse model of BRONJ-like disease that recapitulates major clinical and radiographic manifestations of the human disease, including characteristic features of an open alveolar socket, exposed necrotic bone or sequestra, increased inflammatory infiltrates, osseous sclerosis, and radiopaque alveolar bone. We show that administration of zoledronate, a potent aminobisphosphonate, and dexamethasone, an immunosuppressant drug, causes BRONJ-like disease in mice in part by suppressing the adaptive regulatory T cells, Tregs, and activating the inflammatory T-helper-producing interleukin 17 cells, Th17. Most interestingly, we demonstrate that systemic infusion with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prevents and cures BRONJ-like disease possibly via induction of peripheral tolerance, shown as an inhibition of Th17 and increase in Treg cells. The suppressed Tregs/Th17 ratio in zoledronate- and dexamethasone-treated mice is restored in mice undergoing salvage therapy with Tregs. These findings provide evidence of an immunity-based mechanism of BRONJ-like disease and support the rationale for in vivo immunomodulatory therapy using Tregs or MSCs to treat BRONJ.
TL;DR: In the adult population of Greater Beijing, glaucoma prevalence was 3.6% and increased with age, myopic refractive error, and intraocular pressure, which was comparable with figures from Caucasian populations.
TL;DR: In the present study, neck circumference is positively related with BMI, waist circumference, and metabolic syndrome in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between neck circumference and central obesity, overweight, and metabolic syndrome in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods A total of 3,182 diabetic subjects (aged 20-80 years) were recruited from 15 community health centers in Beijing using a multistage random sampling approach. Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve for neck circumference and central obesity was 0.77 for men and 0.75 for women (P Conclusions In the present study, neck circumference is positively related with BMI, waist circumference, and metabolic syndrome in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
TL;DR: The resistance rate of 67 Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from 356 ambulatory adult patients with respiratory tract infection was 69% (46 of 67); all 46 macrolide-resistant strains harbored point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene.
Abstract: The resistance rate of 67 Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from 356 ambulatory adult patients with respiratory tract infection was 69% (46 of 67) All 46 macrolide-resistant strains harbored point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene Patients infected with macrolide-resistant M pneumoniae required significantly longer durations of antibiotic therapy and had longer time to resolution of fever
TL;DR: A novel method to segment retinal blood vessels to overcome the variations in contrast of large and thin vessels using adaptive local thresholding to produce a binary image then extract large connected components as large vessels.
Abstract: The morphological changes of the retinal blood vessels in retinal images are important indicators for diseases like diabetes, hypertension and glaucoma. Thus the accurate segmentation of blood vessel is of diagnostic value. In this paper, we present a novel method to segment retinal blood vessels to overcome the variations in contrast of large and thin vessels. This method uses adaptive local thresholding to produce a binary image then extract large connected components as large vessels. The residual fragments in the binary image including some thin vessel segments (or pixels), are classified by Support Vector Machine (SVM). The tracking growth is applied to the thin vessel segments to form the whole vascular network. The proposed algorithm is tested on DRIVE database, and the average sensitivity is over 77% while the average accuracy reaches 93.2%. In this paper, we distinguish large vessels by adaptive local thresholding for their good contrast. Then identify some thin vessel segments with bad contrast by SVM, which can be lengthened by tracking. This proposed method can avoid heavy computation and manual intervention.