Orange S.A.

About: Orange S.A. is a company organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Terminal (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 6735 authors who have published 9190 publications receiving 156440 citations. The organization is also known as: Orange SA & France Télécom.

Distributed speech recognition system

Abstract: This invention relates to a distributed speech recognition system. The inventive system consists of: at least one user terminal comprising means for obtaining an audio signal to be recognized, parameter calculation means and control means which are used to select a signal to be transmitted; and a server comprising means for receiving the signal, parameter calculation means, recognition means and control means which are used to control the calculation means and the recognition means according to the signal received.

Memory device for high-density content adressable memory

Abstract: The invention relates to a memory cell for a static associative memory comprising two arrays of transistors, a first array having a data storage function and a second array having a comparison function between the stored data item and a data item applied to the input of the cell, the comparison result being obtained on a selection line S, in which the second array (T1,T2,T3,T4) of transistors is partly formed by the transistors of the first array (T3,T4,T7,T8,T5,T6). The structure of the cell thus has reduced overall dimensions compared with known structures.

Squarylium Dyes: Structural Factors Pertaining to the Negative Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Response

Abstract: Off-resonant electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) and resonant third harmonic generation (THG) measurements of two squarylium dyes are reported. The magnitude of y is large for both processes. The EFISH measurement clearly shows that the off-resonant third-order polarizability is negative, a consequence of the dominance of a non-two-photon mechanism. This unusual result is in agreement with our earlier reports on two other squarylium dyes. Resonant THG measurements strongly suggest that the two-photon contribution, while smaller than the one-photon contribution, is not negligible and cannot be entirely ignored when defining the overall third- order optical susceptibility. Consequently, the squaryliums are best qualitatively described by a three-level model that truncates to two dominant perturbation terms. Also reported is the isomeric distribution of squaryliums. Proton Nh4R results are interpreted by way of molecular mechanics to show that the squaryliums can readily exist as a mixture of isomers. The possible effects on nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements via an orientational contribution to the EFISH y are discussed. An X-ray structure for the squarylium dye TSQ is presented and interpreted. The X-ray structure clearly suggests that the squarylium dyes are extensively bond delocalized with relatively little bond length alternation.

Mobile Phones, Financial Inclusion, and Growth

Abstract: This paper assesses the impact of mobile phone rollout on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, in light of the large financial infrastructure gap in African countries, we investigate whether mobile phone development fosters economic growth through better financial inclusion. In estimating the impact of mobile phone development on growth, we use mobile penetration rate as well as the cost of mobile local calls to capture mobile phone diffusion, while financial inclusion is measured by the number of deposits or loans per head. Using the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to address endogeneity issues, the results confirm that mobile phone development contributes significantly to economic growth in African countries. Part of the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on growth comes from greater financial inclusion.

Method for interacting with automated information agents using conversational queries

Abstract: In order to reduce or eliminate ergonomic inefficiencies arising when an automated information agent is accessed from a device having a streamlined graphical user interface, the present invention provides a mechanism for selecting and interacting with automated information agents over a text-based messaging network by means of a conversational interface that can respond to queries in accordance with the location of the device. A server sends an electronic message identifying each of a plurality of agents to the device. The streamlined graphical user interface displays an agent selection screen showing identity information for each of the plurality of agents identified in the electronic message. The device includes an input mechanism capable of accepting a user's selection of an agent. Upon receiving a first input specifying a first selected agent, the device displays an agent interaction screen for the first selected agent. At least a portion of the agent interaction screen is capable of displaying a query entered into the input mechanism. Optionally, enabling mechanisms are provided on the server to allow human intervention in response to a query.