Orange S.A.

About: Orange S.A. is a company organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Terminal (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 6735 authors who have published 9190 publications receiving 156440 citations. The organization is also known as: Orange SA & France Télécom.

Metamodel-based Test Generation for Model Transformations: an Algorithm and a Tool

Abstract: In a Model-Driven Development context (MDE), model transformations allow memorizing and reusing design know-how, and thus automate parts of the design and refinement steps of a software development process. A model transformation program is a specific program, in the sense it manipulates models as main parameters. Each model must be an instance of a "metamodel", a metamodel being the specification of a set of models. Programming a model transformation is a difficult and error-prone task, since the manipulated data are clearly complex. In this paper, we focus on generating input test data (called test models) for model transformations. We present an algorithm to automatically build test models from a metamodel.

Saturation of cubic optical nonlinearity in long-chain polyene oligomers

Abstract: The scaling of the cubic nonlinearity γ with chain length in polyenic molecules has received considerable theoretical attention. Earlier experimental investigations have been restricted to oligomers with fewer than 20 double bonds because of problems associated with the synthesis and solubility of conjugated molecules. These synthetic difficulties have been overcome in the present study by the use of modern living polymerization techniques. Solution measurements of γ as a function of chain length in long-chain (up to 240 double bonds) model polyene oligomers are reported. A saturation of the increase of γ with chain length is observed, and the onset of this saturation occurs for chain lengths considerably longer than predicted from theory.

ICT, Financial Inclusion and Growth: Evidence from African Countries

Abstract: This paper studies the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially mobile phone rollout, on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, we investigate whether financial inclusion is one of the channels through which mobile phone development influences economic growth. In estimating the impact of ICT on economic growth, we use a wide range of ICT indicators, including mobile and fixed telephone penetration rates and the cost of local calls. We address any endogeneity issues by using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator. Financial inclusion is captured by variables measuring access to financial services, such as the number of deposits or loans per head, compiled by Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Martinez Peria (2007) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP, 2009). The results confirm that ICT, including mobile phone development, contribute significantly to economic growth in African countries. Part of the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on growth comes from greater financial inclusion. At the same time, the development of mobile phones consolidates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, especially in countries where mobile financial services take hold.