Paris Descartes University

About: Paris Descartes University is a government organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Immune system. The organization has 20987 authors who have published 37456 publications receiving 1206222 citations. The organization is also known as: Université Paris V-Descartes & Université de Paris V.

A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel.

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM Decisions on public health issues are dependent on reliable epidemiological data. A comprehensive review of the literature was used to gather country-specific data on risk factors, prevalence, number of diagnosed individuals and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in selected European countries, Canada and Israel. METHODOLOGY Data references were identified through indexed journals and non-indexed sources. In this work, 13,000 articles were reviewed and 860 were selected based on their relevance. RESULTS Differences in prevalence were explained by local and regional variances in transmission routes or different public health measures. The lowest HCV prevalence (â?¤ 0.5%) estimates were from northern European countries and the highest (â?¥ 3%) were from Romania and rural areas in Greece, Italy and Russia. The main risk for HCV transmission in countries with well-established HCV screening programmes and lower HCV prevalence was injection drug use, which was associated with younger age at the time of infection and a higher infection rate among males. In other regions, contaminated glass syringes and nosocomial infections continue to play an important role in new infections. Immigration from endemic countries was another factor impacting the total number of infections and the genotype distribution. Approximately 70% of cases in Israel, 37% in Germany and 33% in Switzerland were not born in the country. In summary, HCV epidemiology shows a high variability across Europe, Canada and Israel. CONCLUSION Despite the eradication of transmission by blood products, HCV infection continues to be one of the leading blood-borne infections in the region.

Immune and Stromal Classification of Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Molecular Subtypes and Relevant for Precision Immunotherapy

Abstract: Purpose: The tumor microenvironment is formed by many distinct and interacting cell populations, and its composition may predict patient9s prognosis and response to therapies. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease in which immune classifications and four consensus molecular subgroups (CMS) have been described. Our aim was to integrate the composition of the tumor microenvironment with the consensus molecular classification of CRC. Experimental design: We retrospectively analyzed the composition and the functional orientation of the immune, fibroblastic and angiogenic microenvironment of 1388 CRC tumors from three independent cohorts using transcriptomics. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry. Results: We report that CRC molecular subgroups and microenvironmental signatures are highly correlated. Out of the four molecular subgroups, two highly express immune-specific genes. The good-prognosis microsatellite-instable-enriched subgroup (CMS1) is characterized by overexpression of genes specific to cytotoxic lymphocytes. In contrast, the poor-prognosis Mesenchymal subgroup (CMS4) expresses markers of lymphocytes and of cells of monocytic origin. The Mesenchymal subgroup also displays an angiogenic, inflammatory and immunosuppressive signature, a coordinated pattern that we also found in breast (n=254), ovarian (n=97), lung (n=80) and kidney (n=143) cancers. Pathological examination revealed that the Mesenchymal subtype is characterized by a high density of fibroblasts that likely produce the chemokines and cytokines which favor tumor-associated inflammation and support angiogenesis, resulting in a poor prognosis. In contrast, the Canonical (CMS2) and Metabolic (CMS3) subtypes with intermediate prognosis exhibit low immune and inflammatory signatures. Conclusions: The distinct immune orientations of the CRC molecular subtypes pave the way for tailored immunotherapies.