Institution
Paris Descartes University
Government•Paris, France•
About: Paris Descartes University is a government organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Immune system. The organization has 20987 authors who have published 37456 publications receiving 1206222 citations. The organization is also known as: Université Paris V-Descartes & Université de Paris V.
Topics: Population, Immune system, Cancer, Transplantation, Pregnancy
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is shown here that purified human pDCs crosspresented vaccinal lipopeptides and HIV-1 antigens from apoptotic cells to specific CD8+ T lymphocytes and the efficiency of crosspresentation was comparable to that of mDCs.
279 citations
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TL;DR: Findings are of practical clinical interest, as cold ischemia time is among one of the main modifiable pre-transplantation risk factors that can be minimized by improved management of the peri-trans transplantation period.
279 citations
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New York University1, Boston Children's Hospital2, Paris Descartes University3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, Brigham and Women's Hospital5, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital6, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine7, University of Freiburg8, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich9
TL;DR: Investigation of the genetic causes and the clinical phenotype of immunodeficiency in patients with impaired Ca2+ influx and CRAC channel function found ORAI1 protein expression in a wide variety of cell types and organs.
Abstract: Background Defects in the development or activation of T cells result in immunodeficiency associated with severe infections early in life. T-cell activation requires Ca 2+ influx through Ca 2+ -release activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) channels encoded by the gene ORAI1 . Objective Investigation of the genetic causes and the clinical phenotype of immunodeficiency in patients with impaired Ca 2+ influx and CRAC channel function. Methods DNA sequence analysis for mutations in the genes ORAI1 , ORAI2 , ORAI3 , and stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and 2, as well as mRNA and protein expression analysis of ORAI1 in immunodeficient patients. Immunohistochemical analysis of ORAI1 tissue distribution in healthy human donors. Results We identified mutations in ORAI1 in patients from 2 unrelated families. One patient is homozygous for a frameshift nonsense mutation in ORAI1 (ORAI1-A88SfsX25), and a second patient is compound heterozygous for 2 missense mutations in ORAI1 (ORAI1-A103E/L194P). All 3 mutations abolish ORAI1 expression and impair Ca 2+ influx and CRAC channel function. The clinical syndrome associated with ORAI1 deficiency is characterized by immunodeficiency with a defect in the function but not in the development of lymphocytes, congenital myopathy, and anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia with a defect in dental enamel calcification. In contrast with the limited clinical phenotype, we found ORAI1 protein expression in a wide variety of cell types and organs. Conclusion Ca 2+ influx through ORAI1 is crucial for lymphocyte function in vivo . Despite almost ubiquitous ORAI1 expression, the channel has a nonredundant role in only a few cell types judging from the limited clinical phenotype in ORAI1-deficient patients.
279 citations
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TL;DR: During these hours, as the number of victims increased, with a sharp increase after the assault was launched inside the Bataclan, the Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris was able to reassure the public and government that its abilities matched the demand.
278 citations
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TL;DR: These experiments of nature suggest that the three types of IFNs play at least two different roles in host defense, whereas IFN‐γ is essential for anti‐mycobacterial immunity, whereasIFN‐α/β and IFn‐λ are essential forAnti‐viral immunity.
Abstract: Interferon (IFN) was originally identified as a substance 'interfering' with viral replication in vitro. The first IFNs to be identified were classified as type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta and related molecules), two other types have since been identified: type II IFN (IFN-gamma) and type III IFNs (IFN-lambda). Each IFN binds to one of three type-specific receptors. In the mouse model of experimental infections in vivo, IFN-alpha/beta are essential for immunity to most viruses tested, whereas IFN-gamma is important for immunity to a smaller number of viruses, together with bacteria, fungi, and parasites, consistent with IFN-gamma acting as the 'macrophage activating factor.' The precise role of IFN-lambda remains unclear. In recent years, inborn errors affecting the production of, or the response to, IFNs have been reported in human patients, shedding light onto the function of IFNs in natura. Disorders of IFN-gamma production, caused by IL12B, IL12RB1, and specific NEMO mutations, or of IFN-gamma responses, caused by IFNGR1, IFNGR2, and dominant STAT1 mutations, confer predisposition to mycobacterial disease in patients resistant to most viruses. By contrast, disorders of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-lambda production, caused by UNC93B1 and TLR3 mutations, confer predisposition to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in otherwise healthy patients. Consistently, patients with impaired responses to IFN-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, and presumably IFN-lambda (carrying recessive mutations in STAT1), or with impaired responses to IFN-alpha/beta and impaired IFN-gamma production (carrying mutations in TYK2), or with impaired production of IFN-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma, and IFN-lambda (carrying specific mutations in NEMO), are vulnerable to mycobacterial and viral infections, including HSE. These experiments of nature suggest that the three types of IFNs play at least two different roles in host defense. IFN-gamma is essential for anti-mycobacterial immunity, whereas IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-lambda are essential for anti-viral immunity. Future studies in humans aim to define the specific roles of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-lambda types and individual molecules in host defense in natura.
278 citations
Authors
Showing all 21023 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Guido Kroemer | 236 | 1404 | 246571 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Jean-Laurent Casanova | 144 | 842 | 76173 |
Alain Fischer | 143 | 770 | 81680 |
Maxime Dougados | 134 | 1054 | 69979 |
Carlos López-Otín | 126 | 494 | 83933 |
Giuseppe Viale | 123 | 740 | 72799 |
Thierry Poynard | 119 | 668 | 64548 |
Lorenzo Galluzzi | 118 | 477 | 71436 |
Shahrokh F. Shariat | 118 | 1637 | 58900 |
Richard E. Tremblay | 116 | 685 | 45844 |
Olivier Hermine | 111 | 1026 | 43779 |
Yehezkel Ben-Ari | 110 | 459 | 44293 |
Loïc Guillevin | 108 | 800 | 51085 |
Gérard Socié | 107 | 920 | 44186 |