Showing papers by "Universidade Federal de Pelotas published in 2013"
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TL;DR: It is estimated that undernutrition in the aggregate--including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding--is a cause of 3·1 million child deaths annually or 45% of all child deaths in 2011.
5,574 citations
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TL;DR: Interventions in countries of low and middle income to increase birthweight and linear growth during the first 2 years of life are likely to result in substantial gains in height and schooling and give some protection from adult chronic disease risk factors, with few adverse trade-offs.
717 citations
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Johns Hopkins University1, Brigham and Women's Hospital2, Save the Children3, University of London4, Imperial College London5, Aga Khan University6, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill7, Universidade Federal de Pelotas8, Harvard University9, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile10, Ghent University11, Mahidol University12, University of Los Andes13, UCL Institute of Child Health14, Copenhagen University Hospital15, University of Copenhagen16, George Washington University17, University of the Witwatersrand18
TL;DR: Differentiation of the burden and risk of babies born preterm and SGA rather than with low birthweight could guide prevention and management strategies to speed progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4--the reduction of child mortality.
660 citations
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Johns Hopkins University1, Brigham and Women's Hospital2, University of London3, University of Western Australia4, World Health Organization5, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill6, Aga Khan University7, Imperial College London8, Harvard University9, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile10, Ghent University11, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp12, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention13, Mahidol University14, University of KwaZulu-Natal15, University College London16, University of Los Andes17, Universidade Federal de Pelotas18, George Washington University19, Save the Children20
TL;DR: The burden of small-for-gestational-age births is very high in countries of low and middle income and is concentrated in south Asia.
609 citations
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TL;DR: Higher odds of adverse outcomes are also seen among parity ≥3 / age ≥35 mothers, suggesting that reproductive health interventions need to address the entirety of a woman’s reproductive period.
Abstract: Previous studies have reported on adverse neonatal outcomes associated with parity and maternal age. Many of these studies have relied on cross-sectional data, from which drawing causal inference is complex. We explore the associations between parity/maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes using data from cohort studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Data from 14 cohort studies were included. Parity (nulliparous, parity 1-2, parity ≥3) and maternal age (<18 years, 18-<35 years, ≥35 years) categories were matched with each other to create exposure categories, with those who are parity 1-2 and age 18-<35 years as the reference. Outcomes included small-for-gestational-age (SGA), preterm, neonatal and infant mortality. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated per study and meta-analyzed. Nulliparous, age <18 year women, compared with women who were parity 1-2 and age 18-<35 years had the highest odds of SGA (pooled adjusted OR: 1.80), preterm (pooled aOR: 1.52), neonatal mortality (pooled aOR: 2.07), and infant mortality (pooled aOR: 1.49). Increased odds were also noted for SGA and neonatal mortality for nulliparous/age 18-<35 years, preterm, neonatal, and infant mortality for parity ≥3/age 18-<35 years, and preterm and neonatal mortality for parity ≥3/≥35 years. Nulliparous women <18 years of age have the highest odds of adverse neonatal outcomes. Family planning has traditionally been the least successful in addressing young age as a risk factor; a renewed focus must be placed on finding effective interventions that delay age at first birth. Higher odds of adverse outcomes are also seen among parity ≥3 / age ≥35 mothers, suggesting that reproductive health interventions need to address the entirety of a woman’s reproductive period. Funding was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (810-2054) by a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF to support the activities of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group.
492 citations
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Johns Hopkins University1, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill2, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh3, University of Tampere4, Universidade Católica de Pelotas5, Southampton General Hospital6, Harvard University7, Emory University8, Pennington Biomedical Research Center9, Ghent University10, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp11, King Edward Memorial Hospital12, Kenya Medical Research Institute13, Memorial Hospital of South Bend14, University College London15, Uppsala University16, University of the Witwatersrand17, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine18, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention19, Universidade Federal de Pelotas20, Xi'an Jiaotong University21
TL;DR: It is estimated that childhood undernutrition may have its origins in the foetal period, suggesting a need to intervene early, ideally during pregnancy, with interventions known to reduce FGR and preterm birth.
Abstract: Background Low- and middle-income countries continue to experience a large burden of stunting; 148 million children were estimated to be stunted, around 30–40% of all children in 2011. In many of these countries, foetal growth restriction (FGR) is common, as is subsequent growth faltering in the first 2 years. Although there is agreement that stunting involves both prenatal and postnatal growth failure, the extent to which FGR contributes to stunting and other indicators of nutritional status is uncertain.
Methods Using extant longitudinal birth cohorts (n = 19) with data on birthweight, gestational age and child anthropometry (12–60 months), we estimated study-specific and pooled risk estimates of stunting, wasting and underweight by small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm birth.
Results We grouped children according to four combinations of SGA and gestational age: adequate size-for-gestational age (AGA) and preterm; SGA and term; SGA and preterm; and AGA and term (the reference group). Relative to AGA and term, the OR (95% confidence interval) for stunting associated with AGA and preterm, SGA and term, and SGA and preterm was 1.93 (1.71, 2.18), 2.43 (2.22, 2.66) and 4.51 (3.42, 5.93), respectively. A similar magnitude of risk was also observed for wasting and underweight. Low birthweight was associated with 2.5–3.5-fold higher odds of wasting, stunting and underweight. The population attributable risk for overall SGA for outcomes of childhood stunting and wasting was 20% and 30%, respectively.
Conclusions This analysis estimates that childhood undernutrition may have its origins in the foetal period, suggesting a need to intervene early, ideally during pregnancy, with interventions known to reduce FGR and preterm birth.
402 citations
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TL;DR: In a PLOS Medicine Review, Aluísio Barros and Cesar Victora provide a practical guide to measuring and interpreting inequalities in the coverage of maternal, newborn, and child interventions in low- and middle-income countries using data collected by large household surveys.
Abstract: To monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, it is essential to monitor the coverage of health interventions in subgroups of the population, because national averages can hide important inequalities. In this review, we provide a practical guide to measuring and interpreting inequalities based on surveys carried out in low- and middle-income countries, with a focus on the health of mothers and children. Relevant stratification variables include urban/rural residence, geographic region, and educational level, but breakdowns by wealth status are increasingly popular. For the latter, a classification based on an asset index is the most appropriate for national surveys. The measurement of intervention coverage can be made by single indicators, but the use of combined measures has important advantages, and we advocate two summary measures (the composite coverage index and the co-coverage indicator) for the study of time trends and for cross-country comparisons. We highlight the need for inequality measures that take the whole socioeconomic distribution into account, such as the relative concentration index and the slope index of inequality, although simpler measures such as the ratio and difference between the richest and poorest groups may also be presented for non-technical audiences. Finally, we present a framework for the analysis of time trends in inequalities, arguing that it is essential to study both absolute and relative indicators, and we provide guidance to the joint interpretation of these results.
301 citations
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16 Jul 2013TL;DR: Palavras-chave et al. as mentioned in this paper present the history and thought of the Modernity/Coloniality (M/C) Group, from its split away from subaltern, Latin Americans and Indians, cultural and postcolonial studies in the late 90s.
Abstract: O objetivo principal do artigo e o de apresentar a trajetoria e o pensamento do Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade (M/C), a partir de sua ruptura com os estudos subalternos –latino-americanos e indianos –, culturais e pos-coloniais, no final dos anos 1990. O coletivo realizou um movimento epistemologico fundamental para a renovacao critica e utopica das ciencias sociais na America Latina no seculo XXI: a radicalizacao do argumento pos-colonial no continente atraves da nocao de “giro decolonial”. O artigo esta estruturado em duas partes. Em um primeiro momento, e tracada uma breve genealogia do pos-colonialismo. Posteriormente, apresenta-se a constituicao do grupo M/C e alguns conceitos centrais criados e compartilhados pelos seus principais expoentes. O trabalho pretende convidar o(a) leitor(a) para este debate, ainda incipiente na ciencia e teoria Politica no Brasil. Palavras-chave: pos-colonialismo, estudos subalternos, Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade, giro decolonial, America Latina. Abstract The aim of this article is to present the history and thought of the Modernity/Coloniality (M/C) Group, from its split away from subaltern – Latin Americans and Indians –, cultural and postcolonial studies in the late 90s. The group made a crucial epistemological move for critical and utopian renewal of social sciences in Latin America in the 21st century: the radicalization of the post-colonial argument through the ideia of "decolonial turn." At first, we draw a brief genealogy of postcolonialism. Subsequently, we present the establishment of the M/C group and some central concepts created and shared by its main exponents. The paper intends to invite the reader to this unfamiliar debate in social science and political theory in Brazil. Keywords: post-colonialism, subaltern studies, Modernity/Coloniality Group, decolonial turn, Latin America.
258 citations
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TL;DR: Pela maior sensibilidade, o PHQ-9 pontuado de forma continua mostrou-se mais adequado do que o algoritmo para rastreamento de episodio depressivo maior na comunidade.
Abstract: Com o objetivo de estudar a validade do Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) no rastreio de episodio depressivo maior na populacao geral, conduziu-se um estudo de base populacional em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os domicilios foram sorteados por amostragem em multiplos estagios, sendo os adultos (> 20 anos) convidados a participar. O padrao ouro foi a entrevista diagnostica estruturada Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) aplicada por psiquiatras e psicologos. Tanto o PHQ-9 quanto o MINI foram aplicados no domicilio. Em um total de 447 participantes (191 homens e 256 mulheres) a analise continua identificou o ponto de corte > 9 como de maxima sensibilidade (77,5%; 61,5-89,2) e especificidade (86,7%; 83,0-89,9). Usando o algoritmo do teste, houve diminuicao da sensibilidade para 42,5% (27,0-59,1), enquanto que a especificidade aumentou para 95,3% (92,8-97,2). O PHQ-9 mostrou-se apropriado para rastreamento de episodio depressivo maior. Pela maior sensibilidade, o PHQ-9 pontuado de forma continua mostrou-se mais adequado do que o algoritmo para rastreamento de episodio depressivo maior na comunidade.
235 citations
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TL;DR: The objectives, design and implementation of the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project, the international Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century, are revealed.
220 citations
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University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill1, University of Utah2, National Health Research Institutes3, University of California, Los Angeles4, New York Medical College5, Peking University6, National Institutes of Health7, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center8, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine9, University of Iowa10, Russian Academy11, University of Washington12, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary13, University of São Paulo14, Pennsylvania State University15, University of Michigan16, Universidade Federal de Pelotas17, University of Buenos Aires18, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy19, Curie Institute20, University of Lausanne21, Washington State University Spokane22, University of Milan23, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation24, International Agency for Research on Cancer25, New York University26, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul27, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai28, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart29
TL;DR: It is suggested that cigar and pipe smoking are independently associated with increased risk of head and neck cancers.
Abstract: Cigar and pipe smoking are considered risk factors for head and neck cancers, but the magnitude of effect estimates for these products has been imprecisely estimated. By using pooled data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium (comprising 13,935 cases and 18,691 controls in 19 studies from 1981 to 2007), we applied hierarchical logistic regression to more precisely estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking separately, compared with reference groups of those who had never smoked each single product. Odds ratios for cigar and pipe smoking were stratified by ever cigarette smoking. We also considered effect estimates of smoking a single product exclusively versus never having smoked any product (reference group). Among never cigarette smokers, the odds ratio for ever cigar smoking was 2.54 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93, 3.34), and the odds ratio for ever pipe smoking was 2.08 (95% CI: 1.55, 2.81). These odds ratios increased with increasing frequency and duration of smoking (Ptrend ≤ 0.0001). Odds ratios for cigar and pipe smoking were not elevated among ever cigarette smokers. Head and neck cancer risk was elevated for those who reported exclusive cigar smoking (odds ratio = 3.49, 95% CI: 2.58, 4.73) or exclusive pipe smoking (odds ratio = 3.71, 95% CI: 2.59, 5.33). These results suggest that cigar and pipe smoking are independently associated with increased risk of head and neck cancers.
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TL;DR: The clinical-epidemiological parameters evaluated for indigenous women point to the accentuated occurrence of nutrition transition in all regions of Brazil.
Abstract: Background
Although case studies indicate that indigenous peoples in Brazil often suffer from higher morbidity and mortality rates than the national population, they were not included systematically in any previous national health survey. Reported here for the first time, the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition in Brazil was conducted in 2008–2009 to obtain baseline information based on a nationwide representative sample. This paper presents the study’s rationale, design and methods, and selected results.
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TL;DR: Maternal height influences offspring linear growth over the growing period, which likely include genetic and non-genetic factors, including nutrition-related intergenerational influences on growth that prevent the attainment of genetic height potential in low- and middle-income countries.
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Johns Hopkins University1, International Food Policy Research Institute2, Aga Khan University3, Philippine Institute for Development Studies4, University of Waterloo5, University of Ghana6, Micronutrient Initiative7, Universidade Federal de Pelotas8, University of the West Indies9, Tufts University10
TL;DR: Maternal and child nutrition: building momentum for impact support for the interventions that can be quickly scaled up or linked to nutrition programmes—such as early child development initiatives takes a very diff erent approach to implementation than in any previous Lancet Series.
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TL;DR: Caesarean delivery rates among large sections of the population in sub-Saharan Africa are very low, probably because of poor access to such surgery.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine temporal trends in caesarean delivery rates in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, by country and wealth quintile. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were extracted from the results of 80 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 26 countries in southern Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. Caesarean delivery rates were evaluated - as percentages of the deliveries that ended in live births - for each wealth quintile in each survey. The annual rates recorded for each country were then compared to see if they had increased over time. FINDINGS: Caesarean delivery rates had risen over time in all but 6 study countries but were consistently found to be lower than 5% in 18 of the countries and 10% or less in the other eight countries. Among the poorest 20% of the population, caesarean sections accounted for less than 1% and less than 2% of deliveries in 12 and 21 of the study countries, respectively. In each of 11 countries, the caesarean delivery rate in the poorest 40% of the population remained under 1%. In Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger and Nigeria, the rate remained under 1% in the poorest 80%. Compared with the 22 African study countries, the four study countries in southern Asia experienced a much greater rise in their caesarean delivery rates over time. However, the rates recorded among the poorest quintile in each of these countries consistently fell below 2%. CONCLUSION: Caesarean delivery rates among large sections of the population in sub-Saharan Africa are very low, probably because of poor access to such surgery.
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TL;DR: The results indicate that the Brazilian red propolis is capable of inhibiting cancer cell growth and constitutes an excellent source of antioxidant and antitumor natural agent.
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TL;DR: The most common types of injuries in young judo athletes were contusions/abrasions, fractures and sprains/strains, whereas being thrown was the most common injury mechanism.
Abstract: Background There is limited knowledge on epidemiological injury data in judo. Objective To systematically review scientific literature on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo. Methods The available literature up to June 2013 was searched for prospective as well as retrospective studies on injuries in judo. Data extraction and presentation focused on the incidence rate, injury risk, types, location and causes of injuries. Results During the Olympic Games in 2008 and 2012, an average injury risk of about 11–12% has been observed. Sprains, strains and contusions, usually of the knee, shoulder and fingers, were the most frequently reported injuries, whereas being thrown was the most common injury mechanism. Severe injuries were quite rare and usually affected the brain and spine, whereas chronic injuries typically affected the finger joints, lower back and ears. The most common types of injuries in young judo athletes were contusions/abrasions, fractures and sprains/strains. Sex-differences data on judo injuries were mostly inconsistent. Some studies suggested a relationship between nutrition, hydration and/or weight cycling and judo injuries. Also, psychological factors may increase the risk of judo injuries. Conclusions The present review provides the latest knowledge on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo. Comprehensive knowledge about the risk of injury during sport activity and related risk factors represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of an ongoing injury surveillance system in judo is of utmost importance.
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TL;DR: MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH Plus, it showed suitable physicochemical properties for an endodontic sealer and both sealers showed minimum required values.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the association between short and long birth intervals and adverse neonatal outcomes by calculating and meta-analyzing associations using original data from cohort studies conducted in low-and middle-income countries.
Abstract: Short and long birth intervals have previously been linked to adverse neonatal outcomes. However, much of the existing literature uses cross-sectional studies, from which deriving causal inference is complex. We examine the association between short/long birth intervals and adverse neonatal outcomes by calculating and meta-analyzing associations using original data from cohort studies conducted in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). We identified five cohort studies. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated for each study, with birth interval as the exposure and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and/or preterm birth, and neonatal and infant mortality as outcomes. The associations were controlled for potential confounders and meta-analyzed. Birth interval of shorter than 18 months had statistically significant increased odds of SGA (pooled aOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.31-1.75), preterm (pooled aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.19-2.10) and infant mortality (pooled aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19-2.81) after controlling for potential confounding factors (reference 36-<60 months). It was also significantly associated with term-SGA, preterm-appropriate-for-gestational-age, and preterm-SGA. Birth interval over 60 months had increased risk of SGA (pooled aOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.39) and term-SGA (pooled aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.27), but was not associated with other outcomes. Birth intervals shorter than 18 months are significantly associated with SGA, preterm birth and death in the first year of life. Lack of access to family planning interventions thus contributes to the burden of adverse birth outcomes and infant mortality in LMICs. Programs and policies must assess ways to provide equitable access to reproductive health interventions to mothers before or soon after delivering a child, but also address underlying socioeconomic factors that may modify and worsen the effect of short intervals.
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TL;DR: Within the limits of this retrospective evaluation, the survival of restorations is affected by patient risk factors, which should be included in survival analyses ofrestorations.
Abstract: This practice-based retrospective study evaluated the survival of resin composite restorations in posterior teeth, focusing on the influence of potential patient risk factors. In total, 306 posterior composite restorations placed in 44 adult patients were investigated after 10 to 18 yrs. The history of each restoration was extracted from the dental records, and a clinical evaluation was performed with those still in situ. The patient risk status was assessed for caries and "occlusal-stress" (bruxism-related). Statistical analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression multivariate analysis. In total, 30% of the restorations failed, of which 82% were found in patients with 1 or 2 risk factors. Secondary caries was the main reason of failure within caries-risk patients, whereas fracture was the main reason in "occlusal-stress-risk" patients. The patient variables gender and age did not significantly affect survival, but risk did (p < .001). Tooth type (p < .001), arch (p = .013), and pulpal vitality (p = .003) significantly affected restoration survival. Within the limits of this retrospective evaluation, the survival of restorations is affected by patient risk factors, which should be included in survival analyses of restorations.
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TL;DR: The continuously scored PHQ-9 proved more adequate than the algorithm for screening major depressive episodes in the community and more appropriate than the structured diagnostic Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, applied by psychiatrists and psychologists.
Abstract: This population-based study focused on the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening major depressive episodes in the general population in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Households were selected by multi-stage sampling, and adults (> 20 years) were invited to participate. The gold standard was the structured diagnostic Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), applied by psychiatrists and psychologists. Both the PHQ-9 and the MINI were applied in the subjects' homes. In a total of 447 participants (191 men and 256 women), the continuous analysis identified > 9 as the cutoff point with the highest sensitivity (77.5%; 61.5-89.2) and specificity (86.7%; 83.0- 89.9). Use of the test's algorithm decreased the sensitivity to 42.5% (27.0-59.1), while the specificity increased to 95.3% (92.8-97.2). The PHQ-9 proved appropriate for screening major depressive episodes. For greater sensitivity, the continuously scored PHQ-9 proved more adequate than the algorithm for screening major depressive episodes in the community.
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TL;DR: The starch subjected to single HMT at 120 °C was the most applicable to food applications, where low swelling power, low viscosity and high thermal stability are necessary.
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TL;DR: The data suggest that the nanoencapsulation of curcumin in LNC is an important strategy to improve its pharmacological efficacy in the treatment of gliomas.
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TL;DR: In this article, the association between physical activity during the life course and bone mineral content or density in young adults was found more in males than in females; in weight bearing anatomical sites (lumbar spine and femoral neck) than in total body and when physical activity measurements were done from adolescence to adulthood, when evaluated in only one period.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to review the literature of the cohort studies which evaluated the association between physical activity during the life course and bone mineral content or density in young adults. Prospective cohort studies with bone mineral density or content measured in the whole body, lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry as outcome and physical activity as exposure were searched. Two independent reviewers selected studies retrieved from electronic databases (Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science and Scielo) and reviewed references of all selected full text articles. Downs & Black criterion was used in the quality assessment of these studies. Nineteen manuscripts met inclusion criteria. Lumbar spine was the skeletal site most studied (n = 15). Different questionnaires were used for physical activity evaluation. Peak strain score was also used to evaluate physical activity in 5 manuscripts. Lack of statistical power calculation was the main problem found in the quality assessment. Positive associations between physical activity and bone mass were found more in males than in females; in weight bearing anatomical sites (lumbar spine and femoral neck) than in total body and when physical activity measurements were done from adolescence to adulthood – than when evaluated in only one period. Physical activity during growth period was associated with greater bone mass in males. It was not possible to conduct pooled analyses due to the heterogeneity of the studies, considering mainly the different instruments used for physical activity measurements. Physical activity seems to be important for bone mass in all periods of life, but especially the growth period should be taking into account due to its important direct effect on bone mass and its influence in physical activity practice in later life. Low participation in peak strain activities may also explain the lower number of associations found in females.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare, in functional terms, soil quality assessments based on 29 indicators, a subset with 8 of those indicators, and 4 indicators selected independently by farmers, based on their perceptions of soil quality.
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TL;DR: The present review did not find sufficient evidence regarding the association between obesity and dental caries, and it did not clarify the possible role of diet and other possible effect modifiers on this association.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Identifying, through a systematic literature review, evidence of a possible association between obesity and dental caries. METHODS A search of articles published between 2005 and January 2012 was performed in the Medline/PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science databases. The quality of scientific evidence of the selected articles was assessed by the items proposed for observational studies in the Downs & Black instrument. RESULTS Initially, 537 references were found; after checking the titles and abstracts by two independent researchers, twenty-eight articles were selected for complete reading. Ten of them that assessed the primary and/or permanent dentition observed a positive association between obesity and dental caries and one study found an inverse association. According to the Downs & Black classification, thirteen articles with good scientific evidence were found. CONCLUSIONS The present review did not find sufficient evidence regarding the association between obesity and dental caries, and it did not clarify the possible role of diet and other possible effect modifiers on this association.
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TL;DR: In this article, the microencapsulation of gallic acid with chitosan, β-cyclodextrin (β-CDS) or xanthan (X) was prepared by the lyophilization method.
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01 Jul 2013TL;DR: MTA Fillapex showed suitable physical properties to be used as an endodontic sealer and the solubility and water absorption increased significantly over time for both materials in a 1- to 28-day period.
Abstract: Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare several physicochemical properties including working and setting times, flow, solubility, and water absorption of a recent calcium silicate–based sealer (MTA Fillapex; Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and an epoxy resin–based sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany). Methods The materials were handled following the manufacturer's instructions. The working time and flow were tested according to ISO 6876:2001 and the setting time according to American Society for Testing and Materials C266. For solubility and water absorption tests, the materials were placed into polyvinyl chloride molds (8 × 1.6 mm). The samples ( n = 10 for each material and test) were placed in a cylindrical polystyrene-sealed container with 20 mL deionized water at 37°C. At 1, 7, 14, and 28 days, the samples were removed from the solutions and blotted dry for solubility and water absorption tests. The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey test ( P Results MTA Fillapex showed the lowest values of flow, working and setting times, solubility, and water absorption ( P P Conclusions MTA Fillapex showed suitable physical properties to be used as an endodontic sealer.
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TL;DR: This review aims to present and discuss the work done on the pro-angiogenesis and lymphangiogenic cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment and the signaling pathways that regulate this crosstalk.
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TL;DR: The use of a photoinitiator system containing TPO might improve the color stability of resin composites compared with the traditional CQ/amine system while attaining similar physico-chemical properties for the composite.