University at Buffalo

About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.

Corporate Governance and Liquidity

Abstract: We investigate the empirical relation between corporate governance and stock market liquidity. We find that firms with better corporate governance have narrower spreads, higher market quality index, smaller price impact of trades, and lower probability of information-based trading. In addition, we show that changes in our liquidity measures are significantly related to changes in the governance index over time. These results suggest that firms may alleviate information-based trading and improve stock market liquidity by adopting corporate governance standards that mitigate informational asymmetries. Our results are remarkably robust to alternative model specifications, across exchanges, and different measures of liquidity.

Syndrome X and Mortality: A Population-based Study

Abstract: The present report analyzes the prevalence of the cluster of metabolic abnormalities defined as syndrome X (high blood glucose, high blood pressure, low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and high triglycerides) and its impact on cardiovascular disease mortality in a large cohort of men and women (22,561 men and 18,495 women). These individuals were participants in a series of epidemiologic investigations of cardiovascular disease conducted in Italy between 1978 and 1987. They were followed for an average of 7 years, during which time a total of 1,218 deaths occurred (1,003 in men and 215 in women). Deaths were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9). The prevalence of the full cluster of metabolic abnormalities (syndrome X) was low in the population as a whole, with only 3.0 percent of men and 3.4 percent of women exhibiting the full cluster of abnormalities that comprise syndrome X. The risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular disease increased with increased numbers of metabolic abnormalities in both men and women. Mortality from cancer was significantly increased in women (but not in men) with syndrome X, compared with women with no metabolic abnormalities. Population attributable risks for all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality were 0.06 and 0.09 in men and 0.04 and 0.48 in women when assessed by population cutpoints. These data from a large population-based epidemiologic investigation indicate that the presence of a full cluster of metabolic abnormalities from syndrome X is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in both men and women, but that the low prevalence of such a cluster in the population reduces the public health impact of syndrome X. The majority of individuals who die from cardiovascular disease present elevations in any one, two, or three of the metabolic abnormalities. The notion of the cluster of metabolic abnormalities (syndrome X) should not distract our attention from established individual risk factors that have been proven to be major causes of cardiovascular disease death and disability in our society.

A field study of organizational factors influencing DSS success

Abstract: A field study involving 124 organizations, and 378 DSS users, was conducted to ascertain the influence of the user's task environment on DSS success. Three groups were analyzed in the study: managers, financial and planning analysts (FPA's), and "others" who were predominantly management scientists or data processing analysts. The study focused on three factors discussed in the MIS literature as potential, but unsubstantiated contributors to DSS success: decision context (degree of problem structure), level of task interdependence (degree of interaction with others), and level of task constraints (degree of decision maker authority and autonomy). There was some evidence that the decision context and the level of task interdependence were moderately related to decision-making success for managers and others. There was very little support found to substantiate a relationship between the level of task constraints and DSS success for any group in the study. The results reaffirmed that the level of top management support, user training, and length of DSS use are important correlates of DSS success.

Staging of primary colorectal carcinomas with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose whole-body PET: correlation with histopathologic and CT findings.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients with primary colorectal carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients with biopsy-proved (n = 44) or high clinical suspicion for (n = 4) colorectal cancer underwent whole-body PET after intravenous administration of 10 mCi (370 MBq) of FDG. FDG PET results were correlated with computed tomographic (CT), surgical, and histopathologic findings. RESULTS: PET depicted all known intraluminal carcinomas in 37 patients (including two in situ carcinomas) (sensitivity, 100%), but findings were false-positive in four of seven patients without cancer (three with inflammatory bowel conditions, one who had undergone polypectomy). Specificity was 43% (three of seven patients); positive predictive value, 90% (37 of 41 patients); and negative predictive value, 100% (three of three patients). No FDG accumulation was noted in 35 hyperplastic polyps. FDG PET depicted lymph node...