Institution
University at Buffalo
Education•Buffalo, New York, United States•
About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Changes in serum cholesterol levels associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral medication exposure, and 1-time assessment of triglyceride levels post-HAART initiation are described to represent a return to preinfection serum lipid levels after accounting for expected age-related changes.
Abstract: ContextAlterations in serum lipid values have been widely reported among persons
infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 treated with highly
active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but no data have yet been reported
on changes from preseroconversion lipid values.ObjectiveTo describe changes in serum cholesterol levels associated with HIV
infection and antiretroviral medication exposure, and 1-time assessment of
triglyceride levels post-HAART initiation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prospective study in which homosexual
and bisexual men were enrolled and from which 50 of 517 HIV seroconverters
were drawn for the analysis herein, who later initiated HAART, involving measurements
of stored serum samples obtained between 1984 and 2002.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6
time points during an average of 12 years; 1-time assessment of triglyceride
levels from the third post-HAART clinic visit.ResultsAmong the 50 men, notable declines in mean serum TC (–30 mg/dL
[−0.78 mmol/L]), HDL-C (–12 mg/dL [−0.31 mmol/L]), and LDL-C
values (–22 mg/dL [−0.57 mmol/L]) were observed after HIV infection.
Following HAART initiation, there were large increases in mean TC and LDL-C
values (50 and 21 mg/dL [1.30 and 0.54 mmol/L], respectively); however, the
mean changes from the preseroconversion values were 20 mg/dL (0.52 mmol/L)
(95% confidence interval [CI], –1 to 41) and –1 mg/dL (−0.03
mmol/L) (95% CI, –25 to 22), respectively. Mean HDL-C remained below
baseline levels throughout follow-up. The median value (interquartile range)
of triglycerides was 225 mg/dL (2.54 mmol/L) (147-331 mg/dL).ConclusionsBefore treatment, HIV infection results in substantial decreases in
serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels. Subsequent HAART initiation is associated
with increases in TC and LDL-C but little change in HDL-C. Increases in TC
and LDL-C observed after about 3 years of HAART possibly represent a return
to preinfection serum lipid levels after accounting for expected age-related
changes.
609 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that an increase in FFA concentration induces oxidative stress and has a proinflammatory effect; it also impairs postischemic flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery.
Abstract: To test the possible acute proinflammatory effects of fatty acids, we induced an increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations after a lipid and heparin infusion for 4 h in 10 healthy subjects. We determined the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding activity in mononuclear cells (MNCs), the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by MNC, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Brachial artery reactivity, using postischemic flow-mediated dilation, was also measured. NF-kappaB binding activity in the MNC nuclear extracts increased to 163 +/- 17% and 144 +/- 14% as compared with basal levels at 2 and 4 h (P < 0.005) and remained elevated (P < 0.05) at 6 h (2 h after cessation of lipid infusion). NF-kappaB p65 subunit protein expression in MNC homogenates also increased at 2, 4, and 6 h (P < 0.05). ROS generation by PMNs increased significantly at 2 and 4 h (P < 0.005), whereas that by MNCs increased at 4 h (P < 0.05). Plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor increased at 2 (P < 0.05) and 4 h (P < 0.005), respectively, and declined to baseline at 6 h. The postischemic flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery decreased from 6.3 +/- 1.1% at baseline to 4.3 +/- 1.9% and 2.7 +/- 2.1% (P < 0.01) at 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. We conclude that an increase in FFA concentration induces oxidative stress and has a proinflammatory effect; it also impairs postischemic flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery.
608 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, two major themes of the literature are outlined: the evolution of a'market model' to explain the diversity of crime across time and space, and the debate about the usefulness of 'positive' versus 'negative' incentives.
Abstract: Crime is a subject of intense emotions, conflicting ideologies. However, economists have generally explained it as a reflection of individual choice and equilibrating market forces. Two major themes of the literature are outlined: the evolution of a 'market model' to explain the diversity of crime across time and space, and the debate about the usefulness of 'positive' versus 'negative' incentives. Systematic analyses generally indicate that crime is affected on the margin by both positive and negative incentives; there are serious limitations to the effectiveness of incapacitation and rehabilitation; and optimal enforcement strategies involve trade-offs between narrow efficiency and equity considerations.
608 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that the burden of PMS/PMDD as well as the disability adjusted life years lost due to this repeated-cyclic disorder is in the same magnitude as major recognized disorders.
608 citations
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TL;DR: The demographic, reproductive, dietary, and health characteristics of the OS women are described, to provide a comprehensive view of both classical and novel risk factors, as well as secular trends in the predictors of healthy aging and disease events.
607 citations
Authors
Showing all 34002 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Julie E. Buring | 186 | 950 | 132967 |
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Donald G. Truhlar | 165 | 1518 | 157965 |
Roger A. Nicoll | 165 | 397 | 84121 |
Bruce L. Miller | 163 | 1153 | 115975 |
David R. Holmes | 161 | 1624 | 114187 |
Suvadeep Bose | 154 | 960 | 129071 |
Ashok Kumar | 151 | 5654 | 164086 |
Philip S. Yu | 148 | 1914 | 107374 |
Hugh A. Sampson | 147 | 816 | 76492 |
Aaron Dominguez | 147 | 1968 | 113224 |
Gregory R Snow | 147 | 1704 | 115677 |
J. S. Keller | 144 | 981 | 98249 |
C. Ronald Kahn | 144 | 525 | 79809 |