University at Buffalo

About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.

Differences in control of limb dynamics during dominant and nondominant arm reaching

Abstract: This study compares the coordination patterns employed for the left and right arms during rapid targeted reaching movements. Six right-handed subjects reached to each of three targets, designed to ...

Towards Optimal Structured CNN Pruning via Generative Adversarial Learning

Abstract: Structured pruning of filters or neurons has received increased focus for compressing convolutional neural networks. Most existing methods rely on multi-stage optimizations in a layer-wise manner for iteratively pruning and retraining which may not be optimal and may be computation intensive. Besides, these methods are designed for pruning a specific structure, such as filter or block structures without jointly pruning heterogeneous structures. In this paper, we propose an effective structured pruning approach that jointly prunes filters as well as other structures in an end-to-end manner. To accomplish this, we first introduce a soft mask to scale the output of these structures by defining a new objective function with sparsity regularization to align the output of baseline and network with this mask. We then effectively solve the optimization problem by generative adversarial learning (GAL), which learns a sparse soft mask in a label-free and an end-to-end manner. By forcing more scale factors in the soft mask to zero, the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) can be leveraged to fast and reliably remove the corresponding structures. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of GAL on different datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR-10 and ImageNet ILSVRC 2012. For example, on ImageNet ILSVRC 2012, the pruned ResNet-50 achieves 10.88% Top-5 error and results in a factor of 3.7x speedup. This significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Effectiveness of assistive technology and environmental interventions in maintaining independence and reducing home care costs for the frail elderly. A randomized controlled trial.

Abstract: Context Home environmental interventions (EIs) and assistive technology (AT) devices have the potential to increase independence for community-based frail elderly persons, but their effectiveness has not been demonstrated. Objective To evaluate a system of AT-EI service provision designed to promote independence and reduce health care costs for physically frail elderly persons. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting and participants A total of 104 home-based frail elderly persons living in western New York were assigned to 1 of 2 groups (52 treatment, 52 control). Intervention All participants underwent a comprehensive functional assessment and evaluation of their home environment. Participants in the treatment group received AT and EIs based on the results of the evaluation. The control group received "usual care services." Main outcome measures Functional status as measured by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique; pain as measured by the Functional Status Instrument; and health care costs including the costs. Results After the 18-month intervention period, the treatment groups showed significant decline for FIM total score and FIM motor score, but there was significantly more decline for the control group. Functional Status Instrument pain scores increased significantly more for the control group. In a comparison of health care costs, the treatment group expended more than the control group for AT and EIs. The control group required significantly more expenditures for institutional care. There was no significant difference in total in-home personnel costs, although there was a large effect size. The control group had significantly greater expenditures for nurse visits and case manager visits. Conclusion The frail elderly persons in this trial experienced functional decline over time. Results indicate rate of decline can be slowed, and institutional and certain in-home personnel costs reduced through a systematic approach to providing AT and EIs.

International retrospective study of the pipeline embolization device: a multicenter aneurysm treatment study

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow diverters are increasingly used in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Our aim was to determine neurologic complication rates following Pipeline Embolization Device placement for intracranial aneurysm treatment in a real-world setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated all patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device between July 2008 and February 2013 in 17 centers worldwide. We defined 4 subgroups: internal carotid artery aneurysms of ≥10 mm, ICA aneurysms of t tests or ANOVAs for continuous variables and the Pearson χ 2 or Fisher exact test for categoric variables. RESULTS: In total, 793 patients with 906 aneurysms were included. The neurologic morbidity and mortality rate was 8.4% (67/793), highest in the posterior circulation group (16.4%, 9/55) and lowest in the ICA P = .01). The spontaneous rupture rate was 0.6% (5/793). The intracranial hemorrhage rate was 2.4% (19/793). Ischemic stroke rates were 4.7% (37/793), highest in patients with posterior circulation aneurysms (7.3%, 4/55) and lowest in the ICA P = .16). Neurologic mortality was 3.8% (30/793), highest in the posterior circulation group (10.9%, 6/55) and lowest in the anterior circulation ICA P CONCLUSIONS: Aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device is associated with the lowest complication rates when used to treat small ICA aneurysms. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality are higher in the treatment of posterior circulation and giant aneurysms.

Increase in plasma endotoxin concentrations and the expression of Toll-like receptors and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in mononuclear cells after a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal: implications for insulin resistance.

Abstract: Objective: To compare effect of a high fat high carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (LPS), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll like receptors (TLR) and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells (MNC). Research Design and Methods: Healthy lean subjects were given 910 Calories of either a HFHC meal (n=10) or an American Heart Association (AHA) recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n=10) following an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1h, 2h and 3h after the meal. Cellular indices of oxidative and inflammatory stress, the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2 and TLR4 in MNC and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured. Results: HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2 and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) binding activity ( P <0.05, for all). These increases were totally absent following the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit. Conclusions: The novel changes described following HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying post prandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 following such meals. In contrast an AHA meal does not induce these effects.